GEOGRAPHIC NAMES OF ANTARCTICA 



tion covering about 23,000 square miles and aerial 

 photography that should extend the inland sur- 

 vey to about 38,000 square miles, physiological re- 

 actions of man to polar climates, geomagnetism 

 and aurora, surface and upper air meteorology. 



1949-53. Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey. 

 Leader: V. E. Fuchs. Ships: John Biscoe, Sparrow, 

 Snipe and Burghead Bay. 



Summary: Sponsored by British Colonial Office. 

 Base A, Port Lockroy, evacuated and closed Feb- 

 ruary 1949. Reoccupied January 1950 to February 

 1951, and continuously since February 1952, prin- 

 cipally for meteorological and ionospheric obser- 

 vations, the latter beginning in February 1952 with 

 equipment transferred from Deception Island. 

 Four men were stationed at Base B, Deception 

 Island, to operate weather station and new power- 

 ful transmitter for improved communications. 

 Some geological and glaciological investigations as 

 well as soundings and charting were carried on. 

 Survivors of the fire at Base D, Hope Bay, were 

 evacuated in February 1949. The rebuilt base was 

 occupied in February 1952. In addition to 

 meteorology, the survey of James Ross Island was 

 completed and additional work done between Hope 

 Bay and Stonington Island, with some geological 

 work in both areas. A limited program of phys- 

 iological investigation was carried on. Severe 

 ice conditions prevented relief of personnel at 

 Base E, Stonington Island. Program at Stoning- 

 ton Island included study of emperor penguins on 

 De Dion Islets. A long sledge journey was made 

 through George VI Sound to open water at 

 Eklund Islands. Base E was evacuated and closed 

 by the John Biscoe in February 1950. Base F, 

 Argentine Islands, was staffed with four men who 

 operated a weather station and made short sur- 

 vey journeys in the vicinity under handicap of mild 

 weather and deteriorating ice. Base G, Admiralty 

 Bay, was staffed with six men (five in the winters 

 of 1951-53) , who maintained weather observations, 

 rude geological and topographical surveys, and 

 carried on glaciological investigations. The Burg- 

 head Bay in February 1952 triangulated the inner 

 harbor of Admiralty Bay and made running sur- 

 veys of the seaward coasts of Deception Island, 

 Visca Anchorage, Admiralty Bay and Signy Island. 

 Four men (five from 1951 on) at Base H, Signy 

 Island, continued study of elephant seals, surveyed 

 the south side of Coronation Island, operated 

 weather station, and made investigations of geol- 

 ogy, tides, ice and fauna. Base M at Grytviken 

 was occupied in January 1950. Wintering parties 

 included five men in 1951, three in 1952, two in 

 1953. The program included meteorological and 

 sea ice observations, and twice-daily weather anal- 

 ysis and forecasts, December 1950 to March 1951, 

 and for a considerable period in 1952-53. 



1950-51. National Institute of Oceanography Ex- 

 pedition (British). 



Leader: Dr. H. F. P. Herdman. Ship: Discovery II. 

 Summary: This sixth two-year commission of the 

 Discovery II, the first under the newly organized 

 National Institute of Oceanography, was designed 

 to complete the pre-war oceanographic work of the 

 Discovery Committee in the Antarctic. The ship 

 left England May 10, 1950, via Suez and the Indian 

 Ocean for Australia with work enroute. In Au- 

 gust a line of stations had been completed along 

 90°E. through the central Indian Ocean to the 

 edge of the pack ice. The remainder of 1950 was 

 devoted to work in waters east and south of Aus- 

 tralia and New Zealand with a cruise eastward in 

 November to 150°W., and thence south to the ice 

 edge which was skirted westward for 1,000 miles 

 before returning to Dunedin. A lack of data for 

 winter conditions was filled in by a winter circum- 

 polar cruise conducted in 1951. 



1951-52. South Georgia Survey. 

 Leader: Verner D. Carse. Ships: Various whaling 

 vessels. 



Summary : A private British expedition, consisting 

 of a party of six, left Glasgow on September 16, 

 1951 in the whaling tanker Southern Opal and ar- 

 rived at Leith Harbor, South Georgia, November 1. 

 The object of the party was to map the south coast 

 from Cape Disappointment to King Haakon Bay, 

 and the interior south and west of AUardyce 

 Range. The next day a base was set up in the jail 

 at Grytviken. After making reconnaissance jour- 

 neys north and south of Cumberland Bay, the 

 party was taken on December 11 by the former 

 catcher Stina to Royal Bay where they landed with 

 supplies. Two sledges were man-hauled up Ross 

 Glacier, hampered by poor weather. Ross Pass 

 at the head of the glacier was reached on Decem- 

 ber 15, and the party descended toward the south 

 coast. Undine South Harbor was found to be 

 about ten miles southeast of its charted position. 

 Work was interrupted on January 1, 1952 when a 

 party member was injured in a fall down a crevasse, 

 necessitating a return to base. The return began 

 on January 3, but a food depot was first left about 

 five miles southeast of Undine South Harbor. 

 Cumberland Bay was reached three days later via 

 Ross Glacier, Cook Glacier and Nordenskjold Gla- 

 cier, and on January 7 the catcher Skua took the 

 party to Grytviken. On January 25 the five 

 remaining members of the party were landed by 

 catcher at Fortuna Bay on the north coast. Poor 

 weather again made surveying difficult, but a short 

 journey was made west and north to the isthmus 

 between King Haakon Bay and Possession Bay. 

 The party returned to Stromness Bay at the end of 

 February. During the third week in March a four 

 man party was landed at Royal Bay to complete the 



35 



