INDEX 



Page 

 1.0 ABSTRACT 1 



2.0 INTRODUCTION ! 2 



3.0 GENERAL DISCUSSION OF MATHEMATICAL ERRORS 3 



3.1 True Values and Probable Values 3 



3.2 Errors 3 



3.2.1 Determinate Errors 3 



3.2.2 Indeterminate Errors — 3 



3.2.2.1 Accidental Errors 3 



3.2.2.2 Instrument Errors 4 



3.2.2.3 Dependent and Independent Errors 4 



3.3 Accuracy 4 



3.4 Average Values and Average Errors 4 



3.4.1 Average Values 4 



3.4.2 Deviation 4 



3.4.2.1 Average Deviation 5 



3.4.2.2 Standard Deviation 5 



3.4.3 Discrepancy 5 



3.4.4 Variance 5 



3.4.5 Variability 5 



3.5 Other Terminology 5 



3.6 Overall Error as a Function of Individual Errors 5-6 



4.0 APPLICATION OF ERROR TERMINOLOGY TO THE 



BATHYTHERMOGRAPH 7 



4.1 Determinate Errors of the Bathythermograph 7-8 



4.2 Indeterminate Errors of the Bathythermograph 8 



4.3 Bathythermograph Deviations as a Function of Errors and Ocean Variability 8-9 



4.4 Measurements of Instrument Error by Special Tests 9 



5.0 ERRORS INHERENT IN THE INSTRUMENT 10 



5.1 Reproducibility 10 



5.2 Accuracy of Registering Temperature Change with Change of Depth 10-11 



5.3 Hysteresis 11 



5.3.1 Mechanical Hysteresis 11 



5.3.2 Response Hysteresis 11-12 



5.3.3 Hysteresis Due to Ocean Variability 12 



5.3.4 Change in Lag Conditions 13 



5.4 Response Characteristics 13 



5.4.1 Response Hysteresis 13 



5.4.2 Response at Initial Depth 13 



5.4.3 Mechanical Hesitation 13 



5.5 Bathythermograph Sets 13-14 



5.6 Instrument Failures 14 



5.6.1 General 14 



5.6.2 Bending of Pen Arm 14 



5.6.3 Superimposition of Trace and Destruction of Trace 14-15 



5.6.4 Bellows Failure 15 



5.6.5 Loose Parts 15 



6.0 ERRORS INTRODUCED BY CALIBRATION AND RECALIBRATION OF 



THE BATHYTHERMOGRAPH 16 



6.1 General 16 



6.1.1 Pre-Repair Tests 16-17 



