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In some experiments, two independent samples were taken 
from the same patch and analyzed simultaneously; in others, 
only a single sample was used. When duplicate samples were 
used, results agreed very closely. All samples were taken with 
sterile wide mouth bottles, the water being dipped from the sea 
surface, Immediately after the samples were obtained, the appro- 
priate dilutions were prepared and the lactose broth tubes for 
the presumptive test were inoculated. The tubes were placed in 
the incubator within three hours after inoculation. 
Surface and Subsurface Sampling 
The areal distribution of coliforms was examined by taking 
samples throughout the water column in various patterns around 
the outfalls, The program of sampling varied with the trip and 
the location of the outfall. Im some instances, surface and sub- 
surface samples were collected along the approximate line of sewage 
flow as determined by the movement of the dye patch. At other 
times, samples were taken along lines parallel to the coast on 
both sides of the outfalls, along two lines perpendicular to each 
other, and along lines repeated morning and afternoon. 
Surface samples only were collected along a large triangular 
course in the vicinity of the Orange County outfall. Surface 
samples were also collected in a close grid pattern covering small 
areas in the vicinities of the Whites Point and Hyperion outfalls. 
In all of these instances, collections were made while the ship 
was underway and the areas involved were covered in short periods 
of time. 
The vertical sampling series consisted of a surface sample 
plus two to four subsurface samples and, on some occasions, a 
