202 



Prof. K. Mobius on the Nourishment of 



1870*. From this I only extract, by way of example, the 

 following : — 



The temperature of the surface of the sea is : — 



in January. 



in July. 



On the Norwegian coast between Tromso 

 and Drontheim 



Near Bergen 



On the west coast of Scotland 



On the west coast of Iceland 



On the east coast of North America, near 

 Boston 



1-1-1 -5 R. 

 4-3 R, 

 5-3 R. 

 R. 



R. 



8-2-9 R. 



9-2 R. 



10 R. 



8 R. 



12 R, 



In the temperature-measurements of the ' Porcupine ' Ex- 

 pedition carried out in the summer of 1869 under the superin- 

 tendence of the English investigators Carpenter, Jeffi'eys, and 

 Thomson, the surface was found to be much warmer than the 

 deeper strata of the water, as shown by the following numbers, 

 which I select from a table furnished by Thomson (Peter- 

 c. p. 235) :— 



mann, I, 



In regions of the sea where the uppermost stratum of water, 

 even on the coldest days, does not acquire so low a tempera- 

 ture as the deepest strata constantly maintain, in consequence 

 of inferior currents from colder seas, descending currents must 

 likewise pass down from the shore-regions towards the deeps, 

 and persist until the progressive cooling of the sm-face ceases. 

 In this case, indeed, the descending water itself will not attain 

 the bottom lying beneath it ; but the organic masses which it 

 carried down from higher regions are there seized upon by 

 still deeper cold currents, with which the last and finest re- 

 mains of them finally get into the greatest depths, and there 

 remain as the materials of mud (Schlick, ooze). 



« Mittheilungen aus Perthes' Geogr. Anst, Bd. xvi. Heft 6 & 7. 



