Review of Autonomous Undersea Vehicle (AUV) Developments 
Table 5. Secondary Battery Cell Types with Promise as Prospective Power Sources 
Chemistry Cell W-h/Kg Safety 
Volt 
Aluminum-Air OVO 80 Seawater activated 
Al-02 Sil 
Cadmium-Air ao < 440 High cost 
Cd-02 
Hydrogen-Air eZ 3650 Gas cross-leakage; short 
LaNi5H6-02 theoretical cycling life; low rate 
380 
actual 
Iron-Air oe 715 Electric vehicle (EV); H2, 
Fe-0O2 theoretical O02 production, poor thermal 
90 operation 
actual 
Iron-Chromium (redox) 2 20 Reactant cross-diffusion 
Fe-Cr theoretical problems 
30 
actual 
Nickel-Iron 3 263 EV; long life; high H2 
Fe-NiOOH theoretical 
Iron - Silver Oxide af din 106 To improve Zn-Ag20(2) life 
Fe-Ag20 (2) 
Sodium-Sulfur (glass) .8 760 High temperature (350 C) 
Na-S theoretical 
Zinc-Bromine .8 80 EV; electric load leveling; 
Zn-Br2 Br release danger 
Zinc - Chlorine pel 826 EV; electric load leveling; 
Zn-C12 theoretical chilled recharge required 
200+ 
actual 
Zinc-Nickel <5 345 EV; H2, O2 production 
Zn-NiOOH theoretical 
81 
actual 
Zinc-Silver Oxide -8/1.6 130 Torpedoes, submarines, and so on 
Zn-Ag20 (2) 
Zinc-Air a2 185 High-capacity replacement 
zZn-O2 for Ni-MH 
SOURCE: Compilation of data from Bis, R.F., J.A. Barnes, W.V. Zajac, P.B. Davis, and R.M. Murphy, 1986, Sa/ety 
Characteristics of Lithium Primary and Secondary Battery Systems, NSWC TR 86-296. Navy Surface Weapons Center, Silver 
Spring, Md., July; and Bis, R.F., and R.M. Murphy, 1986, Safety Characteristics of Non-lithium Battery Systems, NSWC TR 
86-302 Rev. 1, Naval Surface Weapons Center, Silver Spring, Md., July. 
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