Contents (continued) 
Page 
Extent and Distribution of the Resources}cia-selaret- reiele chctaiclelels) diometehctelsteleteter soot [V-81 
Potential for Mining on the Continental Shelf .............. 00.20 e eee eeeee 81 
Environmental Impact and Conflict With Other Uses ..............--0+00ee 83 
State Approaches in Dealing With Offshore Mining ................+.2-.0- 84 
CHAPTER V: MARINE TRANSPORTATION 
INERODUCTION Gs) eee PE Se Re ate Boies ne ct Sacer tem ree aa V-1 
THE MARINE TRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURE ............... 2 
£7. ‘Ports and YHarbors: ee. earache eee ah he ada os aot aa veh otal eects ovate lotto erta aves hotles 3 
i) “Aids to Navigation and’ Safety 2'7 :/):3 si Ac Ua 4 5 ne Aer ieee Ne) Sd 10 
) Integration of Nontransportation Objectives in the Development and 
Operation of the Marine Transportation System ....................00000. 12 
MajorsCurrentssuesy sis. dia erekee rexel ticle ieleke ere ee on ee Ie aia or RSI errors 15 
SECONOMIC REGULATION ....-......... 282 e eee tee ee eee tee eee 17 
Regulatory mimperativesin vie irae tere mi ene tere tein tell sioreicner 17 
Repulation of Foreign rade Shippin gym ise sida devisees cree retools te ele ele 19 
Regulation of Domestic Trade Shipping ........... 2... 0. ce eee ee eee eee 22 
yx, Other Regulatory Responsibilities of ICC and FMC .............-.+....---- 24 
¥) Major Current Issues) isis cy ee cane SEG 1 Me APPR peN dey a ea Cr nue MRR ict 25 
* PROMOTION OF U.S. SHIPPING AND SHIPBUILDING ................ 27 
we > Maritime Aid Before 1936 30 he etsos vic liane. cil yt neater. Retina apa sieineeeies ee 29 
~) he: Merchant, MarinevActiofel93 Giz mieisicie densi eae icici Caren: 32 
Maritime PolicyAftersWorld) Waris 2.) os) tee ocean che ciciate eile ele 34 
mhe! Merchant: MarinesAct of 1970) a aeeseinicis eeasistoke ae eich ernie API ein onins « 37 
General Federal Maritime Support Activities .............. 00.0.2... e eee 39 
Progress Under the Merchant Marine Act of 1970 ............... 002000000 43 
MEN oye (Cac IGINES Sess oeedabaedossd doodd bodcomooeo nos oobobD aD oo DG 08 45 
CHAPTER VI: THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT 
THE OCEAN AND THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT .............--+-+-: VI-1 
Environmental!) Pressures) cristo) cir nonstate che ohh ora tater eles eielveueiore 1 
MheiOceaniasia System creiacisseveeia eer ete eieeeneiee release tei merersreeneetat 3 
ibhe!Oceansandi Climate anwien. crear rites eters Ciemeie lier ail eee lene a eters 4 
Ocean Pollution Research and Monitoring ............. 0.0.00 cece eee e eee 5 
InternationalwACctivities acy cele sais foresee eerie tie eerie arate eterna te senetale 6 
GOVERNMENTAL EFFORTS.TO.CONTROL. OR 
MITIGATE.MARINE._ POLLUTION ............ 2.2... cece cee ee eee 8 
Federal Marine Pollution Control Statutes ............ 0... c cece cece ween 9 
OceanyDumpin gyre pe enter erode caster Toren eke terekencnleroh steasrenes 11 
Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act ...................08- 11 
StatusiofiOcean! Dumping ey sever yeu terete nerata let ators dtetanel Arete oi eteetlelellelfeie 12 
Dredgedy Material ey erstepcrvenetere levers rere oi iaiclereiteleoreversioiekehoisiele retreats 12 
Sewage Sludge and Ocean Outfalls ........... 0... eee e eee eee 13 
Industrial Wastes iv. n 51-4 eeysckee: ete er eaal cleo Mo uelalatarata ue gepaladayey = 13 
Research and Monitoring Under the Ocean Dumping Act ................ 14 
Progressjandulssuesiys amerie einen tricia holsters tleioisiersreisieleteterater 15 
Oil and the Marine Environment ..............2. 2222 eee eee eee eee eee 17 
Introduction) 5 3666 Seale ox RAR ON AE a ERR 17 
Vessel Source Pollution y.)22 5.5) sealers ioe eeteetale stereke steisusteiene me teteer eile 18 
Oil Spill Liability and Compensation ...................0 ee eeee reese 19 
Oil and Gas Operations on the Outer Continental Shelf KOLO Hea eesrctemnieichonaicne 21 
evislative. Authorities: Ss. ins ca aera oe ene et ie oman aes 21 
Evolution of the Offshore Leasing Program ...........--0.eeeeeeeeeeee sere 
OGS' EnvironmentaldStudiessArr Vom eh-tet tere elvan renal ace el enetercuauel sieretonoire 22 
Deep-Seabed (Mining 16s 10.5 cers cdala\sieiehs sien ninhale «wiles! s)\e'«[o\s| vs) a) eal ninlehstetelereteene 23 
Viil 
