Table 7—1.—Current roles of the Federal, academic, and industrial sectors 
in marine science and technology * 
Federal Academic 
Activity Government institutions Industry 
Research: " 
Lead and support the Nation’s overall Provide an academic atmosphere, Support and conduct sufficient 
marine science and technology program. scholarly competence, and infrastruc- basic research to achieve en- 
: ture for research and education. trepreneurial goals. 
Fund basic and applied research at aca- 
demic institutions. Initiate and perform basic research Perform applied research 
funded with Federal and nongovern- necessary for commercial 
Provide “big science” facilities, including mien rans: ire eae 
support of the oceanographic fleet and Undertake a balanced proportion of 
national laboratory facilities. appropriate applied, problem-oriented 
R&D. 
Conduct problem-oriented applied and 
basic research within the mission agencies. 
Promote interdisciplinary research with 
problem-focus and provide managerial 
leadership for major problems of national 
interest. 
Innovation of 
technology: 
Develop scientific, exploratory, and sur- Address appropriate multidisciplinary, Develop technology through 
vey information. regional R&D problems that are less processes of innovation to 
than national in scope. produce a commercially mar- 
ketable commodity or service. 
Undertake appropriate engineering devel- 
opment in certain high-risk, high-priority 
areas that are in the national interest 
and where private sector probably would 
not invest. 
Disseminate information, including map- 
ping and charting products and data, and _ 
transfer technology to appropriate users. 
Provide limited technological and advisory 
services, including mapping and charting, 
to promote innovation and development 
in the private sector. 
Education: 
Provide support to academic institutions Provide graduate and undergraduate 
for ocean-related R&D that serves a dual training in the ocean-related sciences 
function for graduate and undergradute and engineering. 
training. 
Fund programs for developing academic 
capabilities in marine R&D. 
Commercialization: 
Supply entrepreneurial factors 
to implement the commercial 
use of the product. 
1 NOTE: This table outlines the more important roles of the Federal Government, academic institutions, and industry. The natural 
roles of the three sectors are neither as limited nor compartmentalized as shown. The States are minimally involved in R&D, but omitted 
from the table. They use research findings and technological developments in management and regulatory decisions. 
VII-6 
