224 

 Table A. 4. Summary of Processes Affecting Sea-Level Changes 



Process 



Glacioeustasy 



Vertical land movements 

 Long-wavelength processes, 100-1000 km 

 Glacioisostatic changes 

 Shelf subsidence due to oceanic 

 lithosphere cooling and sediment/ 

 water loading 

 Shelf sediment accumulation, global 



±1-10 

 0.03 



0.02-0.07 



lO'* 



10^ to 10^ 



10 to 10^ 



Short-wavelength processes, <100 km 



Neotectonic uplift/subsidence 

 Shelf sediment accumulation, local 

 near large river deltas 



±1-5 

 1-5 



102 to 10^ 

 10 to 10'^ 



Anthropogenic activity 



Water impoundment in dams and reservoirs 

 Groundwater mining (to river runoff) 

 Subsidence due to groundwater/oil/gas 

 withdrawal , local . 



Oceanographic and atmospheric effects 

 Geostrophic currents 

 Low- frequency atmospheric forcing 

 El Nino 



1-100 1-10 

 1-4 1-10 

 10-50 1-3 



