in task identification. The program summary will te used to assess pro- 

 gress in TENOC and, at the same time, to determine whether the program has 

 appropriate balance and scope. Whereas TENOC is the Navy long range plan 

 in oceanography, the program summary contains both the current annual plan 

 and mid -range objectives in consonance with the five-year force structure 

 and financial plan. 



Although oceanographic buoys and aircraft are being developed, the Navy 

 will have to depend largely on ships to support the bulk of its oceano- 

 graphic program for many years. 



Figure 5 shows the TENOC plan for oceanographic survey and research 

 ships that will enter service through 1973^ a plan for new construction 

 well-supported by Navy requireraents . 



In the FY 1966 program a new design has been proposed for the oceano- 

 graphic research ships. Now that we have had some operational experience 

 with the first of these ships and have had an opportunity to assess their 

 performance and capabilities, some design modifications have been proposed 

 for the two ships to be used by Scripps and Woods Hole Oceanographic Insti- 

 tutions. If the changes are approved, these ships will be slightly larger 

 with a wider beam, they will accommodate a larger scientific party, and 

 several major options in design will be possible, for example, one option 

 is the capability to handle and support deep research vehicles; another is 

 a large center well and drilling equipment for sea floor studies. 



Figure 6 compares the funding of the Navy RDT&E program in oceanography 

 with research in the national oceanographic program. The Office of Naval 

 Research, through several of its branches, broadly supports research and 

 development in oceanography at universities and oceanographic institutions 

 in this country and at several universities abroad, and to an extent in 

 private industry. This program supports research and development by some 

 of the country's leading oceanographers , the operation of research ships 

 assigned to the various institutions and universities, the development of 

 improved oceanographic instrumentation and vehicles, ship conversion and 

 outfitting with equipment and scientific instruments, and the expansion of 

 university facilities for marine research. 



I should like to mention several significant accomplishments of this 

 program this past year, which comprises 60 percent of the RDT&E effort. 

 A new technique was developed which permits a single ship to rapidly 

 determine the changing path of the Gulf Stream. By measuring horizontal 

 temperature gradients with a new temperature- sensing instrument towed at 

 a depth of 200 meters. Woods Hole scientists were able to trace the course 

 of the G-ulf Stream over a distance of 1,600 miles. This technique has 

 already found commercial application, being used by tankers enroute from 

 the Gulf coast to east coast ports, to remain near the axis of the Gulf 

 Stream and thus shorten their voyage. In another project a number of new 

 knolls were discovered on the bottom of the eastern portion of the Gulf 



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