The great southern extent of the Indian Ocean vas established by 

 Captain Cook in I772 - 1775, although he failed to reach the 

 continent of Antarctica. A point of interest about Cook's voyage 

 is the fact that he vas the first to take deep ocean temperatures. 

 Three observations of temperature in the Indian Ocean were made In 

 the high southern latitudes at about 200 meters depth. 



A nev phase in oceanographic research was initiated in 1873 

 by the Challenger Expedition''" which accounted for I3 deep stations 

 in the southern part of the Indian Ocean. This v/as the first time 

 that an expedition had been organized specifically to take complex 

 oceanographic surveys. Observations were made for temperature, 

 Bpecific gravity, and chemical elements. Before this time oceano- 

 graphic observations had been made principally for temperatures In 

 the deep water. 



In the early part of the Twentieth Century research in the 

 Indian Ocean included 89 stations taken by the German ship Planet 

 in 1906 and 59 stations taken during the Ifana Expedition^ of I929 

 in the northern and western parts of the ocean. On the basis of 

 all data available through I929, L. Moller'^ vas able to formulate 

 the broad circulation pattern of the Indian Ocean and to describe 

 the principal water mass structure in the south-central part of 



■''William Spry, Cruise of Her I-Iajesty's Ship Challenger (London 

 Low, I^larston, Searle, and Rurington, I877J. ' 



^ Re Ichs -{Marine amt.. Expedition of S.MoS. Planet, I906-O7 



(Berlin: Siglsmund, I9C9)' 



"^Carlsberg Fcondation, Oceanographic Expedition around the 

 World (London: Oxford University Press, I932). 



*L. Moller, Deep Sea Circulation in the Indian Ocean (Hamburg; 

 1933). . 



