the Antarctic Intermediate Water moves north toward the Equator, it 

 gradually tapers out and part of it rises to the surface layer in 

 the south tropical latitudes. Another part crosses the Equator and 

 mixes with Arabian Sea Intermediate Water and bottom water to form 

 deep water. The temperature in the Antarctic Intermediate Water is 

 3 to 9°C, salinity is 3^.2 to 3^.8 %o and the oxygen content is l.i+l 

 to ^.40 ml/l. 



The Equatorial Intermediate Water which spreads south on the 

 western side of the Indian Ocean is referred to by Sverdrup as Red 

 Sea Water.''' This water is formed in the Equatorial region by mixing 

 of Antarctic Intermediate Water and Arabian Sea water which contain 

 a high percentage of water from the Red Sea. As this intermediate 

 water flows south along the coast of Africa its salinity decreases 

 from 35.1^ near the Equator to 3^* 8 ^ in the Mozambique Channel. 

 Its temperature varies between h and 10°C and the oxygen content 

 increases from 0.8 ml/l. near the Equator to 2.0 ml/l. at 20''S lati- 

 tude. 



Deep Water . Beneath the intermediate waters the deep water occupies 

 a layer to a depth of 3^500 meters. 



North Indian Deep Water is the principal deep water of the 

 Indian Ocean. It derives its name from the fact that it is formed 

 in the northern part of the ocean as a result of deep mixing of 

 three types of water: (l) intermediate water of the Arabian Sea 

 which is warm and saline but low in oxygen, (2) Antarctic Interme- 

 diate Water which is relatively cold, fresh and also weak in oxygen, 

 and (3) bottom water which Is cold, and relatively rich in salts and 



^Ibid. 



55 



