oxygen. North Indian Deep Water covers the entire expanse of the 

 Indian Ocean and extends into the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal. 

 In the southern part of the ocean, it rises toward the surface 

 north of 50 °S latitude and a large part of it goes out into the 

 Pacific Ocean south of Australia, It has a temperature of 1,6 to 

 2. 8°C_, salinity is 3^*68 to 3^* 78^, and the absolute oxygen content 

 is 3.18 to 4.17 ml/l,^ 



Atlantic Deep Water also enters the Indian Ocean south of 

 Africa and can be traced into the Madagascar Basin. It enters as 

 an eastward directed current below the North Indian Deep Water with 

 which it mixes to form the deep water of the Madagascar Basin. The 

 Atlantic Deep Water is characterized by a high salinity of 34,80 to 

 34.84X>. Its temperature is 2,0 to 2,8°C and the oxygen content is 

 3.92 to 4.60 ml/l. 



Bottom Water, The greatest depths of the ocean are occupied by 

 bottom water which lies between the deep water and the bottom. 

 Bottom waters are divided into two types: Antarctic Bottom Water 

 and Indian Ocean Bottom Water. 



Antarctic Bottom Water is formed by sinking along the continen- 

 tal slope of Antarctica and mixing with deep water. It is character- 

 ized by negative temperatures, from -0.24 to -0.07°C, and a salinity 

 of 34.67 to 34.69^. The absolute oxygen content is 4,70 to 5-27 

 ml/l. 



^Muromtsev, p. 86. 



^M, J, Orren, "Hydrological Observations in the South West 

 Indian Ocean, " Collected Reprints of the International Indian Ocean 

 Expedition (Bruges : St. Augustin Press, I965}, p. 288. 



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