Indian Ocean Bottom Vfater is formed as the result of mixing of 

 Antarctic Bottom Water with North Indian Deep Water as the former 

 flows north on both sides of the Mid-Oceanic Ridge. As a result, 

 the Indian Ocean Bottom V/ater has higher temperature and higher 

 salinity than Antarctic Bottom Water. It extends into the southern, 

 deepest parts of the Arabian Sea and into the Bay of Bengal where 

 it rises to higher levels. The temperature ranges from 0.2 to 

 1. ifT°C and the salinity varies from 3^1. 69 to 3U. 77 %o. The oxygen 

 content is 4.03 to it. 68 ml/l. 



Temperature-Salinity Diagrams. The three cross-sectional T-S dia- 

 grams at the end of this chapter contain stations which are intended 

 to show the transition of water masses in the southern part of the 

 ocean (l) along the east coast of Africa, (2) in the central part 

 of the ocean along a north-south line, and (3) in the eastern part 

 of the ocean. The water mass envelopes which are superimposed on 

 the diagrams as dashed lines define the principal water masses of 

 the Indian Ocean according to Sverdrup.^ The station plots are not 

 extended all the way to the surface and only those observations at 

 depths greater than I50 meters are considered in detenninlng the 

 permanent features in the subsurface water. 



The western section GG' illustrates the variability of the 

 water along the African coast from the Equatorial region to the 

 southern tip of Africa. Station locations with the corresponding 

 symbols are given in Table 7 and the chart (Fig. 16). The northern- 

 most station located in the Somali Basin shows the strongest in- 

 fluence of Arabian Sea water with a salinity maximum at 79^ meters. 

 The next station toward the south appears to lie for the most part 



^Sverdrup, p. 7U1. 



