scientific investigations, and oceanographic opera- 
tions. 
2. A new, adequately funded oceanic agency 
should be established within the U.S. Government 
to concentrate in one agency appropriate civilian 
groups with primary missions and roles in the 
oceans. An important part of the new agency 
should be a technology development group re- 
sponsible for conducting and supporting a funda- 
mental marine technology program and providing 
engineering support to the agency’s operating 
groups. 
3. A 10-year program of intensive undersea devel- 
opment should be undertaken. Such an effort 
would give the Nation the technological base and 
capability to: (1) occupy the territorial sea, (2) 
utilize and manage the resources of the US. 
Continental Shelf and slope, (3) explore and 
utilize deep ocean resources, (4) meet needs for 
undersea military operations, and (5) determine 
intelligently future national undersea programs. 
4. A series of National Projects should be estab- 
lished to support advancement into the undersea 
frontier of industry, the States, the academic 
community, and the U.S. Government agencies in 
an economic manner. These projects should re- 
ceive government support and, where applicable, 
be available to all users on a cost reimbursement 
basis. Principal use of these National Projects will 
be to test and evaluate the economic and technical 
feasibility of advanced marine developments. 
5. Navy undersea development efforts in deep 
submergence and ocean engineering should be 
increased. The program outlined by the Deep 
Submergence/Ocean Engineering Program Planning 
Group appears to reflect realistically future Navy 
needs. in addition to this program, an expanded 
Navy mission in support of the applicable national 
technology goals should be recognized to take 
maximum advantage of existing capabilities and 
facilities. Cooperative efforts between the Navy 
program and the civilian program should be 
pursued to the fullest extent. 
6. An effective national commitment to the 
oceans will require understanding and cooperation 
from all sectors of the economy—general public, 
VI-8 
industrial, academic and scientific, and military 
and civilian government. 
General Public Requirements: 
—Total national involvement including efforts of 
States, regions, and private enterprise. 
—An awareness by the American people of the 
importance of the oceans to the Nation and the 
world. 
Industrial Needs: 
—Extensive survey information on marine re- 
sources on which to base investment decisions. 
—Sufficient Government ocean engineering devel- 
opment funds to stimulate substantial private 
investment in operational systems. 
—A better appreciation of the complexities and 
costs of operating in the oceans. 
—A solid base of fundamental technology and 
operating experience. 
—A legal and political framework that fosters 
ocean exploration and production activities. 
Academic and Scientific Needs: 
—Sufficient funds allocated to scientific projects 
to provide improved engineering support of at-sea 
scientific operations. 
—A close interaction between scientists and engi- 
neers in applying engineering capabilities to the 
conduct of scientific projects. 
—More emphasis in engineering institutions on 
ocean problems. 
Military Needs: 
—Establishment within the Department of Defense 
of a strong primary military mission in undersea 
technology to meet present and future threats. 
—A clearly stated Navy mission in support of 
national marine programs evoking support of the 
Congress, civilian leaders, and the general public. 
—A recognition of the contribution that can be 
made by use of Navy capabilities in international, 
