Great Lakes areas. The members from the aca- 
demic community should be drawn from universi- 
ties with ocean programs. The U.S. Government 
members should be chosen to represent its diverse 
marine interests. 
3. Structure 
The advisory committee should be supple- 
mented by as many subcommittees or panels as 
might be required to deal with specific topics or 
areas of national concern requiring specialized 
knowledge. It is recommended that the parent 
committee form an executive board comprised of 
the chairman, and one member from each of the 
four groups—industry, U.S. Government, States 
and regions, and the academic community—to 
expedite operations between the formal full com- 
mittee meetings. 
The advisory committee should be established 
by statute and provided with funds for its admini- 
strative operations and for accomplishing the 
functions listed above. 
The panel considers the formation of this 
committee a critical requirement. The recommen- 
dation is intended to enlist a cooperative relation- 
ship between all sectors of the economy and is 
characteristic of programs utilized in opening new 
frontiers. Indeed, it is intended to include key 
characteristics of the historic programs so success- 
ful in developing the American railroad, agricul- 
ture, and aircraft industries. 
Il. U.S. GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATIONAL 
STRUCTURE 
A. General 
To ensure optimum and continuing contribu- 
tions from the U.S. Government to the develop- 
ment of a national program, a stronger non- 
military input is needed. A new marine program 
would be advanced and strengthened, if it could 
build upon a consolidation of those appropriate 
existing agencies with primary missions and tasks 
in the ocean. This consolidation would support the 
very important new civilian technology develop- 
ment group and would complement the Navy deep 
submergence and ocean engineering programs. In 
many cases the existing competence, facilities, and 
experience of the Navy should be drawn upon to 
support missions of national importance. 
B. New Civilian Ocean Agency 
A new, adequately funded civilian oceanic 
agency should be established within the U.S. 
Government to concentrate in one agency appro- 
priate civilian groups with primary roles and 
missions in the oceans. 
A new civilian technology development group 
should be created within the agency to support 
fundamental technology. The fundamental tech- 
nology program should be managed by this new 
marine technology group and should utilize when 
appropriate the resources and facilities of existing 
agencies and the private sector. 
C. Interagency Coordinating Mechanism 
To complement and support the efforts of the 
agency and NACO and to recognize the fact that 
many marine activities would still be located 
outside any consolidation, it is recommended that 
an interagency coordinating mechanism be estab- 
lished and chaired by the head of the new civilian 
agency. This mechanism would ensure the inclu- 
sion of the interests of all Federal agencies with 
marine programs not included in the proposed 
consolidation. 
D. Navy Role 
The Navy is in a position to contribute greatly 
to advanced marine engineering and technology 
related to a national ocean program. It is recom- 
mended that the Navy be given an expanded role 
recognizing the support it can provide to the 
national program in areas closely related to its 
competence, facilities, and experience. 
Even with an increasing involvement of non- 
military users, the Navy is the logical organization 
to support many of the overall national needs of 
marine engineering and technology. The following 
statements of high ranking leaders of the Depart- 
ment of Defense and the Office of the Secretary of 
the Navy reinforce this conclusion: 
If national oceanographic objectives require it, the 
Department of Defense is willing to request funds 
from Congress for work only marginally related to 
defense needs, but for which the Department of 
Defense is in the best position to manage because 
of technical skills, facilities, or organization. The 
direction for utilization of these funds could come 
