the riser tube will hinge down from the barge and 
lock into its operational position. 
Mobility of the barge-mounted system will 
permit towing to mooring sites selected on the 
basis of water quality analyses. 
G. Institutional Arrangements 
Well-founded restoration plans that incorporate 
the best available technology are of little value 
unless institutional arrangements provide means 
for successful implementation. All too often, 
desirable proposals for improved water manage- 
ment practices have not been implemented 
because constraints of existing water law, water 
management institutions, administrative regula- 
tions, and water use customs had not been 
considered adequately. 
It takes only a cursory examination to discover 
that, in both the United States and Canadian parts 
of the Great Lakes Basin, there are a multitude of 
Federal, State, and local agencies, universities, 
research institutes, and industries with active 
programs related in some manner to one or more 
aspects of the quality of the Great Lakes re- 
sources. As one would suspect, there is consider- 
able overlap in interest and activity among these 
programs. 
In view of the rapidly deteriorating quality of 
some of the Lakes, particularly Lake Erie, it is 
apparent that existing institutional arrangements 
are not adequate to handle the problem. This 
raises the question—should a new organization be 
set up, or does an existing agency possess enough 
of the requisite characteristics that, given the 
necessary authority and funding, it could success- 
fully formulate and implement restoration plans? 
It is essential that full advantage be taken of the 
vast reservoir of knowledge and skills that exists 
among all the resources agencies and organizations 
active in the Great Lakes Basin. The problem is 
neither a lack of capability among available per- 
sonnel nor a shortage of suitable technology with 
which to attack the water quality problem. 
Rather, it is the need for an effective vehicle with 
which to accomplish (1) needed leadership, coordi- 
nation, and utilization of available talent including 
the special capabilities to be found in marine 
sciences and (2) successful implementation and 
management of a large-scale restoration program. 
H. Conclusions 
This section identifies and focuses attention on 
the action required to restore Great Lakes quality 
to a desirable level. Accelerated eutrophication 
and other water quality deterioration are described 
with the contributing factors. Current technology 
to prevent water quality impairment resulting 
from man’s activities and to restore water quality 
to a level that provides for optimum beneficial use 
is reviewed. 
Also, the necessary economic analysis to iden- 
tify the costs and associated benefits or restorative 
measures are discussed. Institutional arrangements 
are mentioned to identify the requisite characteris- 
tics of an agency to lead the planning and 
restoration programs. 
Finally, restorative techniques of the Great 
Lakes are discussed with one example examined in 
detail to help identify the magnitude and cost of 
needed restoration actions. 
Any plan to restore the Great Lakes will involve 
a tremendous undertaking because of the scale and 
nature of the resources involved. Technology to 
deal with freshwater environments is not oriented 
toward solving problems of the Great Lakes 
magnitude; however, technology developed in the 
marine sciences has been directed toward solution 
of large-scale problems. Therefore, experience in 
marine technology would be highly beneficial in 
formulating and implementing plans to restore this 
vast resource. 
Two opinions often have been strongly stated 
in both the marine sciences and Great Lakes 
research. First, the experts agree that the applica- 
tion of marine science and technology skills to 
study the restoration of the Lakes would be 
highly appropriate. Second, and more importantly, 
almost all the experts contacted believed that this 
desirable relationship has not been exploited suffi- 
ciently. 
Use of Great Lakes resources is limited by 
water pollution. Although a variety of classes of 
pollution are evident, the most serious long-range 
problem results from accelerated eutrophication or 
the aging process of these lakes. Lake Erie is not 
dead. 
Suitable technology is presently available to 
successfully undertake measures to prevent further 
water quality deterioration and accelerated eutro- 
phication. 
VI-133 
