Recommendations: 
Implementation of measures to prevent water 
quality deterioration and accelerated eutrophica- 
tion is essential before restoration can be achieved. 
A detailed economic analysis should be under- 
taken: (1) to identify the quantifiable benefits 
accruing for various levels of improvement in the 
quality of Great Lakes resources and (2) to 
determine the associated costs of achieving these 
improvements. This analysis should include consid- 
eration of forfeited benefits if resource manage- 
ment practices are not improved and should 
encompass all significant aspects including do- 
mestic, municipal, and industrial water supply; 
power; irrigation agriculture; watershed manage- 
ment; and recreation and aquatic resources includ- 
ing pleasure boating. Without the knowledge that 
such an analysis would provide, the most desirable 
and justifiable level of water quality remains a 
matter of conjecture and debate, and any restora- 
tion program would lack direction and a defensible 
goal. 
A restoration program, in addition to preven- 
tive measures, is necessary to improve the quality 
of the Great Lakes to any significant degree within 
an acceptable period. A detailed study of one part 
of such a program—artificially induced circula- 
VI-134 
tion—indicates that this part would cost about $30 
million annually after a substantial initial capital 
investment. This provides a basis for which to 
examine and compare other aspects of a restora- 
tion program. 
A goal should be set to halt substantially any 
further pollution and to improve the quality of 
nearshore waters. The goals of this program should 
be enforced by joint State-Federal ultimate 
standards to be fixed immediately. These stand- 
ards should be tailored for incremental future 
compliance until the desired standards are 
attained. 
A National Project tailored to the immediate 
needs of Lakes Erie and Ontario and southern 
Lake Michigan should be funded to test such 
promising restoration schemes as artificially in- 
duced destratification. Existing facilities should be 
used to the fullest extent. 
A restoration project for Lakes Erie and 
Ontario and southern Lake Michigan should be 
undertaken as soon as the technology is available. 
The program should complement the implementa- 
tion of existing pollution abatement technology in 
all the Great Lakes and must be managed to 
accommodate Federal, State, community, and 
private interests. 
