918 
surface observations have generally been far less com- 
plete than those of their predecessors. 
When Meinardus [14] compiled his comprehensive 
“Klimakunde der Antarktis” in 1937 for the monu- 
mental Képpen-Geiger Handbuch der Klimatologie, he 
POLAR METEOROLOGY : 
upper-air conditions, antarctic geography, atmospheric 
dynamics, and oceanic synoptic meteorology makes it 
advisable to re-examine the older theories and to study 
critically the newer information on Antarctica’s mete- 
orology. 
TasiE J. ANTARCTIC AND SUBANTARCTIC WEATHER STATIONS SouTH oF 50°S* 
Lat. S. Long. Station name General location Index Nationality 
Antarctica Proper: 
71°03’ 10°54/W | Maudheimt — Kap Norvegia, Queen Maud Land 61903 Nor.-Brit.- 
Swed. 
66°50’ | 141°25’E Port Martint Cap de Margerie, Adélie Land 95501 French 
Palmer Peninsula: 
68°12’ 67°03’W_ | Neny Fjordf Stonington Island, Marguerite Bay 07023 British 
65°15’ 64°16’W | Argentine Island Off West Coast Palmer Peninsula 88952 British 
64°50’ 63°31’W | Port Lockroyt Wiencke Island, off West Coast 88949 British 
64°19’ 62°58’W | 1° de Mayo Gamma Island, Melchior Archipelago 87970 Argentine 
63°24’ 56°59’/W | Hope Bayt Antarctic Sound, Northern tip Palmer Peninsula 10533 British 
63°19! 56°54’W | Base O’Higgins Cape Legoupil Northern tip Palmer Peninsula 85988 Chilean 
West Subantarctic Islands: 
63°00’ 60°30’W | Isla Decepcion Deception Island, South Shetlands 87978 Argentine 
62°56’ 60°33’W | Deception Island (Whalers Bay), South Shetlands 88098 British 
62°30’ 59°41’W_ | Bahia Soberania Greenwich Island, South Shetlands 85986 Chilean 
62°03’ 58°23’W | Admiralty Bay King George Island, South Shetlands 88934 British 
60°44’ 44°44’W | Orcadas del Sud Scotia Bay, Laurie Island, South Orkneys 87981 Argentine 
60°43’ 45°36’W | Signy Island South Orkneys 88925 British 
South Atlantic Islands: 
54°16’ 36°30’W | Grytviken South Georgia 88903 British 
54°16’ 36°30’W | Georgia del Sudt South Georgia 87992 Argentine 
51°42’ 57°51’W_ | Port Stanley Falkland Islands 88890 British 
East Subantarctic Islands: 
54°30’ 158°57’E | Macquarie Island Southwest of New Zealand 94998 Australian 
53°06’ 72°31’E | Heard Island South Indian Ocean 94997 Australian 
§2°32/ 168°59’E | Campbell Island South of New Zealand 93944 New Zealand 
*Except for seven stations in South America between 50°S and 55°S. 
{ Active in 1949, but not in 1950. 
ft Active in 1950, but not in 1949. 
Most positions were taken from IMO Publication No. 9, and may differ somewhat from those given in other sources. Index 
numbers were taken from the same publication, except that the numbers for the active British stations are revisions to be ef- 
fective in 1951. 
had available observations for one or more years at 
only twelve places on the continental margin (only six 
of them for as much as two years), for three ice-bound 
ships drifting slowly during the winter, and for four 
subantarctic islands. Since then, summaries of observa- 
tions made earlier at three other places have been 
published [25, 88] and later expeditions have made 
year-long observations at two new places [30, 37, 40] 
and one previously studied [47], besides the Palmer 
Peninsula stations whose data have not appeared. 
Climatic summaries for all available stations are 
given in detail by Meinardus, whose extensive discus- 
sion of the general climate and individual peculiarities 
can hardly be surpassed. But recent information about 
THE ANTICYCLONE 
Antarctica’s basic atmospheric circulation pattern 
is generally assumed to be anticyclonic at the surface 
and cyclonic above, but there has been marked diversity 
as to the areal and vertical extent of the anticyclone, 
and even as to its permanence. Until the end of the 
19th century, meteorologists could not agree whether 
pressure at the Pole was high due to cold or low due to 
“the excessive equatorward centrifugal force of the 
great circumpolar whirl.” Expeditions early in the 20th 
century found a barometric trough around 60°S with 
pressure increasing southward, but Shaw [110] remarked 
in 1909 that “The Antarctic anticyclone, if it exists, 
