PHYSICAL BIOCLIMATOLOGY 
cide with uncleanliness, malnutrition, darkness, cold, 
and similar conditions. A simple recording ultraviolet 
radiation meter might further the use of sharply defined 
ultraviolet doses in climatotherapy. 
_ Pollens and industrial aerosols are well known and 
frequent forms of noxious constituents of the air. De- 
tailed studies, especially of the dependency of air pollu- 
tion on weather, would facilitate the protection of the 
community. 
In contrast to the situation outlined above, outdoor 
experiments made in the field of ‘statistical biocli- 
matology” are far more numerous than those made in 
the climatic chamber. The solution of these problems 
might not be found by additional simultaneous ob- 
servations of the outbreak of illness and weather ele- 
ments or of weather complexes such as fronts. There 
are too many unknown factors which might influence 
the result. If one single element, such as ozone, is 
thought to be responsible, every effort should be made 
for the study of its effects, using physiological methods 
and climatic chambers. Generally, we urgently need 
physiological methods indicating small discomforts from 
weather and clinical methods for the detection of the 
slightest and earliest traces of the various illnesses 
referred to above. With such data available, a statistical 
correlation of meteorological and medical phenomena 
could become fruitful. 
After completion of this manuscript the excellent 
monograph, “Physiology of Heat Regulation and the 
Science of Clothing” [64], appeared. It describes in 
full the field of research which is briefly discussed here. 
The monograph is based mainly on the large number of 
investigations in laboratories in the United States dur- 
ing World War II. 
REFERENCES 
1. Apoupu, E. F., and Assocratus, Physiology of Man in the 
Desert. New York, Interscience, 1947. 
2. AmEtuNG, W., ‘“‘Abhingigkeit der Erkiltungskrankheiten 
vom Klima und Wetter.”” Dtsch. med. Wschr., 66:85-89 
(1940). 
3. Armstrone, H. G., Principles and Practice of Aviation 
Medicine, 2nd ed. Baltimore, Williams & Wilkins, 1943. 
4. —— Haser, H., and Srrucuorp, H., “Aero Medical 
Problems of Space Travel.’? J. Aviat. Med., 20:383-417 
(1949). 
5. Arnmstrone, H. G., and others, Symposium on Space Medi- 
cine. Univ. of Illinois Publ. (in press). 
6. Bacu, E., und Scauuck, L., ‘Untersuchung tiber den 
Einfluss von meteorologischen, ionospharischen und sola- 
ren Faktoren sowie der Mondphasen auf die Auslésung 
‘von Eklampsie und Praeklampsie.”’ Zbl. Gyndk., 66 :196- 
221 (1942). 
7. Barcrort, H., and Epuorm, O. G., “The Effect of Tem- 
perature on Blood Flow and Deep Temperature in the 
Human Forearm.” J. Physiol., 102:5-20 (1943). 
8. Bexpine, H. S., Protection against Dry Cold. Quarter- 
master, Climatic Res. Lab., Lawrence, Mass., 1949. 
9. Bure, H., “Sonnenflecke, solare Vorginge und biologisches 
Geschehen.” Grenzgeb. Med., 2:328 (1949). 
10. —u.a., “Dr. Manfred Currys Bioklimatik, eine Diskus- 
sion.” Grenzgeb. Med., Bd. 2 (1949). 
1123 
11. Buocxiry, W. V., and Taynor, C., Studies on Human 
Tolerance for Extreme Heat. First Summary Rep., Univ. 
of California, Los Angeles, 1948. 
12. Buum, H. F., “The Physiological Effects of Sunlight on 
Man.” Physiol. Rev., 25:483-530 (1945). 
13. Burrrner, K., “Die Warmeiibertragung durch Leitung 
und Konvektion, Verdunstung und Strahlung in Biokli- 
matologie und Meteorologie.’”’ Veréff. preuss. meteor. 
Inst., Bd. 10, Nr. 5, 37 SS. (1934). 
14. —— “Uber die Wirmestrahlung und die Reflexionseigen- 
schaften der menschlichen Haut.’’ Strahlentherapie, 
58 345-360 (1937). 
15. — “Hrythembildung durch Sonnen- und Himmels- 
strahlung.”’ Strahlentherapie, 61:610-615 (1938). 
16. — Physikalische Bioklimatologie. (Probl. kosm. Phys., 
Bd. 18.) Leipzig, Akad. Verlagsges., 1938. 
17. — “Neue physikalische Ergebnisse zum Warme- und 
Wasserhaushalt des Menschen.’? Wien. med. Wschr., 
94 :373-374 (1944). 
18. —— “Bioklimatologie” in FIAT Rev. Germ. Sci., 1939- 
1946, Meteorology and Physics of the Atmosphere, R. 
Miecx, sen. ed. Off. Milit. Govt., Germany, Field 
Inform. Agencies, Tech. Wiesbaden, Dieterich, 1948. 
(See pp. 38-45) 
19. —— “Protective Clothing for Heat and Cold” in German 
Aviation Medicine, World War II, Vol. 2, pp. 876-886. 
Prepared under the auspices of the Surgeon General, 
U.S. Air Force. U. 8. Govt. Printing Office, Washington, 
D. C., 1950. ‘“‘Physical Heat Balance in Man.’’ Jbid., 
pp. 766-791. 
20. —— ‘‘Conflagration Heat.” Ibid., pp. 1167-1187. 
21. —— ‘Effects of Extreme Heat on Man; Protection of 
Man against Conflagration Heat.” J. Amer. med. Ass.. 
144 :732-738 (1950). 
22. —— “Hffects of Extreme Heat on Human Skin.’’ J. appl. 
Physiol. (in press). 
23. —— Bioclimatology of Manned Rocket Flight. Univ. of Illi- 
nois Publ. (in press). 
24. Burton, A. C., ‘Human Calorimetry II. The Average 
Temperature of the Tissues of the Body.’”? Nutr. Abstr. 
Rev., 9:261-280 (1935). 
25. Carstaw, H.S8., and Jancer, J. C., Conduction of Heat in 
Solids. Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1947. 
26. CoptentTz, W. W., ‘“‘Bioclimatic Measurements of Ultra- 
violet Solar and Sky Radiation in Washington, D. C., 
1941-1944.”? Bull. Amer. meteor. Soc., 26:113-117 (1945); 
“Measurements of Biologically Effective Ultraviolet 
Solar and Sky Radiation in Washington, D. C., 1941- 
1946.”’ Zbid., 28:465-471 (1947); “Correlation of Bio- 
climatic Ultraviolet and Total Solar Radiation in Wash- 
ington, D. C., 1941-1948.” Tbid., 30:204-207 (1949). 
27. Court, A., ‘‘Wind Chill.” Bull. Amer. meteor. Soc., 29 :487— 
493 (1948). 
28. Courvoisier, P., “‘Luftdruckschwankungen und Wetter- 
fithligkeit.”? Arch. Meteor. Geophys. Biokl., (B) 1:115- 
126 (1949). 
29. Curry, M., (pseudonym Maria Hesters), Schriflen der 
deutschen Kriegsmarine. Zirka 1943-44. 
30. —— Bioklimatik, 2 Bde. Riederau, Ammersee, 1946. 
31. pp RuppeEr, B., Grundriss einer Meteorobiologie des Men- 
schen, 2. Aufl. Berlin, J. Springer, 1938. 
32. Diu, B., Weiter wnd Gesundheit, Teil 1. Leipzig, T. Stein- 
kopff, 1941. 
33. —— und Din, T., “Zur Frage solaraktiver Hinfliisse auf 
die Psyche.”’ Z. ges. Neurol. Psychiat., 162 :495-504 (1938). 
34. —— ‘“‘Kosmisch-physikalische Stérungen der Ionosphire, 
