1328 
Nonhomogeneous thermodynamics sys- 
tem, 534 
Nonlinear meteorological problems, 
method of characteristics, 421 
Nordenskjéld line, 955 
Northers, 670 
Northwesterly flow, over Europe, 603 
Nucleation, effect on supercooled clouds, 
32-nuclei, 193 
Nuclei, charging, ballo-electricity, 1134 
by adhesion, 1134 
mode of, order of hydration for, 1133 
condensation see Condensation nuclei 
counters see Kern counters 
freezing see Freezing nuclei 
ice see Ice nuclei 
ice-particle charging, 1134 
sublimation see Sublimation nuclei 
Numerical integration, by method of 
characteristics, 422 
Numerical process, dynamic forecasting 
by, 470 
O 
Observation, weather see Weather obser- 
vation 
Observations, data, processing, 748 
Occlusion process, cyclonic circulation 
during, 610 
currents, effect in 
changes, 1014 
effect on Grosswetter, 815 
Ocean waves, as a meteorological tool, 
1090 
decay distance, 1082 
fetch, 1082 
forecasting, 1082 
state of sea, 1082 
Oceans, euerey. transformation over, 
105 
Ocean climatic 
evaporation from, 1071 
heat loss through convection, 1064 
Open systems, thermodynamics, appli- 
cation to meteorology, 531 
Optics, general meteorological, 61 
Orbit, earth, effect on climatic change, 
1011 
Oscillations, free, in the atmosphere, 306 
Oxygen, absorption, 294 
absorption coefficients, 275 
atomic, ozone and, 272 
content, of atmosphere, future de- 
velopments, 9 
variations in atmosphere, 3, 933 
isotopic composition, in atmosphere, 8 
Ozone, absorption, 293, 294 
absorption coefficients, 275 
air motion effect on, 283. 
altitude of mass center, 281 
amount, determination of, 276 
fluctuations, 278 
in upper atmosphere, 278 
atmospheric, determining, 1127 
theory of, 281 
atomic oxygen and, 272 
bioclimatology and, 287 
conditions in troposphere, 286 
constitution of upper atmosphere and, 
cooling effects, Penndorf’s calcula- 
tions, 299 
distribution, effect on heating in ozone 
layer, 295 
in ozone layer, 292 
theoretical, 282 
effect on condensation nuclei forma- 
tion, 186 
effect on radiation in stratosphere, 46 
heating effects, Penndorf’s calcula- 
tions of, 299 
height distribution, 262 
in stratosphere, 284 
INDEX 
Ozone—continued 
in the atmosphere, 275 
in undisturbed photochemical equilib- 
rium, 281 
infrared spectra, 296 
methods of observation, 275 
of air strata near ground, 1129 
photochemistry of, 293 
radiation flux and, 286 
total, annual variations, 331 
meridional variations, 331 
under conditions of disequilibrium, 283 
variations with synoptic situation, 284 
vertical distribution, 280 
determination, 276 
in the troposphere, 7 
warm layer and, 287 
weather and, 284 
Ozone content, of atmosphere, 6 
during depressions, 6 
during thunderstorms, 7 
future developments, 9 
methods of determination, 6 
variations, annual, 6 
diurnal, 6 
geographic, 6 
Ozone heating, in upper: atmosphere, 
305 
Ozone layer, 292 
calculation of heating of, 296 
cooling, 296 
calculating, 296 
data for calculating, 298 
equilibrium temperature, Gowan’s cal- 
culations of, 298 
heating, 294 
and cooling, Craig’s calculations of, 
299 
Karandikar’s calculation of heating 
of, 299 
ozone distribution in, 292 
radiative temperature changes in, 292 
screening effect, 287 
solar effect on, 293 
temperature changes, further research, 
needed, 300 
temperature distribution in, 292 
Ozonosphere, absorption of solar radia- 
tion by, 19 
origin of high temperature in middle 
atmosphere, 253 
P 
Palaeoclimatic sequence, 
needed, 1017 
Palaeozoic ice age, climatic changes, 1014 
Parasites see Sferics 
Parcel method, for testing atmospheric 
stability, 694 
Particulate matter, diffusion of, 326 
Peat bogs, formation, 1008 
Penndorf, calculations of heating and 
cooling by ozone, 299 
Permafrost distribution, 958 
Perpendicular velocities, method of, 147 
Perturbation equations, 407 
Eulerian system, 407 
for special coordinate systems, 409 
in meteorology, 401 
Lagrangian system, 408 
long waves on rotating globe, 416 
long waves on rotating plane, 415 
quasi-geostrophie approximations, 417 
quasi-static approximations, 417 
trough formula, 415 
Perturbation method, use of, 411 
Perturbations in incompressible fluid 
currents, 412 
Perturbed particle motion, 435 
Petterssen, steps in forecasting, 759 
Phenology, microclimatology and, 1000 
Photochemical processes, in upper at- 
mosphere, 262 
research 
Photochemistry, of ozone, 293 
Photographic surge-current recorder, in 
measurement of lightning char- 
acteristics, 142 
Photography, of meteors, 358 
Photolysis, 268 
Photometry, photographic, 80 
Photopolarimeter, 79, 80 
Photosphere, 379 
Physical meteorology, 165 
Piezotropy, equation of, 404 
Planets, effect on Grosswetter, 819 
major, atmospheres, 391 
atmospheric circulation, 395 
Plate crystal frost, 207 
Pleistocene epoch, glacier changes in, 
1 
Pluvial periods, 1006 
Point collector, 148 
Points, neutral, distances of in different 
colors, 86 
Polar air, source region, 600 
southern limit, 600 
subsiding, in troposphere, 315 
Polar trough, in tropical meteorology, 
869 
Polariscope, Savart, 81 
Voss, 81 
Polarity, of lightning discharges, 141 
Polarization, anomalies during twilight, 
87 
atmospheric, dispersion of, 86 
effects of scattering, 79 
skylight, 79 
at point of maximum elevation, 81 
at zenith for different sun’s eleva- 
tions, 81 
degree of, 84 
deviations, 79 
distribution, 81 
effect of ground reflection on, 85: 
effect of volcanic dust, 79 
fluctuations of, measurement, 80 
magnitude, 81 
maximum, correlation between tur- 
bidity coefficient and, 84 
measurement, 80 
research needed, 88 
theory of, 83 : 
unsolved problems, 88 
visual measurement, 80 
Pollen, exchange between earth and at- 
mosphere, 1107 
Pollution, atmospheric, 1139 
annual variations, 1147 
basic equations, 1140 
by domestic heating plants, 1151 
by multiple sources, 1146 
by single sources, 1140 
climatological planning for industry, 
concentrations distant from the 
source, 1143 
concentrations near the source, 1143 
control, 1149 
daily variations, 1147 
Donora, 1147 
effect of atmospheric stability, 1146 
effect of rain on, 1147 
effect of stack height, 1149 
effect of stack temperature, 1149 
effect of topography, 1147 
effect of wind, 1146 
effect on electrical conductivity of 
air, 109 
effect on fog, 1148 
effects on meteorological elements, 
1148 
effect on rainfall, 1148 
forecasting diffusion conditions, 1151 
from elevated sources, 1142 
future requirements, 1152 
gases and vapors, 1189 
