Pollution, atmospheric—continwed 
influence of topography, 1144 
limitation, 1149 
measurement, 1139 
meteorological control, 1149 
nuclear effluents, 1150 
particulate matter, 1139 
coagulation, 1145 
deposition, 1145 
present position, 1152 
research needed, 1154 
smog control, Los Angeles, 1150 
types of contaminants, 1139 
weekly variations, 1147 
wind-tunnel investigations, 1145 
Postglacial climatic changes, 1006 
Postglacial rainfall, 1008 
Postglacial succession in Europe, 1007 
Potamology, 1048 
Potential, involved in stroke formation, 
Power-law profiles, in turbulence, 496 
Precipitation, see also Rain, Rainfall 
aircraft flying through, electrification 
of, 133 
air-mass, radarscope photographs, 1275 
amount, forecasting, 760, 790 
Antarctic, 933 
continuous, radar detection, 1285 
drop coalescence theory, 176 
during a pressure jump, 427 
electrical, association processes, 131 
environmental processes, 131 
electrification, basic processes, 130 
factor in hydrology, 1048 
free electrical charge on, 128 
horizontal structure, radar detection, 
1288 
ice-crystal theory, 175 
maximum possible, 1033 
orographic, radar pictures, 1274 
physics, 165 
production of, as related to artificial 
cloud modification, 235 
solid, from cumulus clouds, 223 
in free atmosphere, 222 
in stratus clouds, 223 
types, 221 
tropical cyclones, 890 
Precipitation charge, in thunderstorms, 
0 
Precipitation electricity, see Electricity, 
Precipitation 
Precipitation processes, 175 
Precipitation static, 133 
Pre-dissociation, 264 
Prefrontal squall line, 427 
in meteorological analysis, 716 
Pre-ionization, 264 
Pressure, at extreme altitudes, 308 
pumospueries measurement by rocket, 
3 
differences, during land and sea 
breezes, 657 
distribution, during land and sea 
breezes, 657 
during pressure jump, 427 
effect on electrical conductivity of air, 
1 
effect on infrared absorption, 298 
function of, absorption coefficient as, 
40 
in thunderstorms, 685 
in upper atmosphere, 303 
measurement by aircraft, 1225 
sea-level, and 700-mb, 554 
Pressure changes, dynamic theory, 631 
effect on condensation nuclei, 186 
empirical evidence, 636 
high-level, 636 
high-level processes, 636 
historical notes, 630 
horizontal advection, 635 
mechanism, 630 
INDEX 
Pressure changes—continued 
nonadiabatie temperature changes, 633 
theories, 630 
thermal theory, 631, 633 
vorticity studies, 633 
Pressure gradient, and instability line, 
649 
Pressure jumps, 426 
and expansion wave, interaction be- 
tween, 428 
and tornadoes, 431 
lines, interaction between, 431 
map analysis and, 429 
weather associated with, 427 
Pressure systems, mechanics of, 575 
sea level see Sea-level pressure systems 
Pressure tendency equations, 632 
utility, 632 
Pressure waves, effect on Grosswetter, 
6 
use in studying upper atmosphere, 251 
Beer cele front, and instability line, 
0) 
Pulse integrator, radar storm-echo sig- 
nal, 1277 
Pulse-packet technique, of radio obser- 
vation of meteors, 362 
Purple light, 73 
areal extent, 76 
associated with volcanic eruptions, 73 
schematic diagram, 76 
Pyranometers, 55 
Pyrgeometer, Angstrém, 55 
Bellani, 55 
Pyrheliometer, Angstrém compensation, 
52 
silver-disk, 52 
Q 
Quadrant circuit, for electrometers, 144 
Quadrant electrometer, schematic dia- 
gram, 145 
use in measuring atmospheric elec- 
tricity, 144 
Quantum relation, 264 
Quasi-geostrophic approximations, 417 
Quasi-geostrophic equation, simplifica- 
tion, 471 
Quasi-linear differential equations, 
method of characteristics, 421 
Quasi-static approximations, 417 
Quaternary ice age, glacial sequence, 
1005 
R 
Radar, A scope, 1269 
antenna gain effect, 1266 
aperture of the parabola, effect, 1266 
appearance during storms, 1271 
attenuation factor, effect, 1268 
bands, tropical cyclones, 891, 1275 
beam width, effect, 1267 
equipment development need, 1280 
Spaction of beam filled by storm, effect, 
1268 
measuring meteor shower radiants by, 
362 
measuring meteor stream velocities by, 
363 
plan position indicator scope, 1270 
pulse length, effect, 1267 
R scope, 1270 
range-height indicator scope, 1270 
received power, effect, 1266 
reflectivity per unit volume of storm 
region, effect, 1268 
-scope photographs, air-mass precip- 
itation, 1275 
bright band, 12738, 1286 
front, cold, 1271 
warm, 1272 
frontal precipitation, 1271 
hurricane, 1275 
1329 
Radar—continued 
instability showers, 1275 
lightning, 1276 
precipitation, patterns, 1274 
thunderstorms, 1276 
scopes, types, 1269 
weather phenomena observation on, 
1269 
storm detection, background, 1265 
bright band, 1286 
continuous precipitation, 1285 
factors, 1266 
future, 1279 
honeon a structure of precipitation, 
12 
microwave attenuation, 1285 
observation, 1283 
precipitation growth, bright band 
and, 1286 
refraction, 1284 
showers, 1285 
theory, 1266, 1283 
observational verification, 1269 
use in forecasting, 1279 
storm-echo signal, analysis of, 1277 
contouring, 1278 
control of polarization, 1279 
photography, 1279 
pulse integrator, 1277 
spectrograph, 1278 
storm observation, 1265 
thunderstorm study, 688 
transmitted power, effect, 1266 
use in Cloud Physics Project, 236 
use in meteorological analysis, 717 
wave length, effect, 1267 
Radarscope photography, 1279 
Radarsonde systems, 1213 
Radar-wind systems, 1213 
Radiation, 11 
atmospheric, effect of clouds on, 42 
outgoing, 41 
relative, scattering of, 38 
by haze, 42 
calculations, analytical, 45 
numerical, 45 
cloud, 42 
de-excitation with, 267 
diagrams, 36 
according to Elsasser, 37 
according to Méller, 37 
diffuse, absorption laws, 35 
downcoming, atmospheric, 38 
absorption coefficient for, 40 
effects, on human bioclimatology, 1118 
flux, ozone and, 286 
from spectral line, absorption laws, 35 
in stratosphere, 46 
long-wave, 34 
absorption laws, 34 
research needed, 47 
monochromatic, law, 40 
night-sky, from upper atmosphere, 341 
of free atmosphere, and synoptic situa- 
tions, 43 
parallel, absorption laws, 34 
processes, clouds and, 200 
solar, effect of absorption, measure- 
ment, 50 : 
effect of molecular scattering on, 
measurement of, 50 
effect of varying distance between 
sun and earth on, measurement, 
50 
terrestrial, effective, ab- 
sorbers on, 39 é 
effect of ground inversions on, 39 
effect of temperature on, 39 
Radiational influences, on cloud forms, 
203 
Radiative processes, heat transportation 
by, 465 _ 
Radio duct, wave trapping in, 1293 
effect of 
