1332 
Swell, correlation between wind strength 
and, 1097 
forecasting, 1083 
forerunners of wave frequency-spec- 
trum method applied to, 1091 
visible, wave height-period applied to, 
1090 
Synoptic cycle, in forecasting, 766 
Synoptic representation, models, 711 
techniques, 711 
Synoptie upper-air model, 784 
ae 
Telephotometers, 95 
Temperature, and humidity patterns, in 
free air, 318 
Antarctic, 929 
at extreme altitudes, 308 
atmospheric, free oscillations and, 306 
measurement by rocket, 306 
meteors and, 306 
balloon studies on, 303 
based on ultraviolet absorption, 305 
changes, radiative, in ozone layer, 292 
cloud lapse rates, 696 
conditions, microclimate, 994 
derived from sound wave velocities, 
305 
differences, during 
breezes, 657 
distribution, in extratropical cyclones, 
80 
land and sea 
in ozone layer, 292 
in west-wind zone, 599 
during pressure jump, 427 
effect on effective terrestrial radiation, 
effect on electrical conductivity of air, 
104 
effect on sound propagation through 
upper atmosphere, 304 
field, turbulent air flow, 498 
forecasting, 761, 788 
in anticyclone, 627 
in geological time, 1017 
in ionosphere, 339 
in thunderstorms, 685 
in upper atmosphere, 303 
measurement by aircraft, 1223 
sound velocity and, 374 
tree-ring indices, 1024 
in Arctic, 1027 
tropical cyclones, 889 
vertical advection, 644 
Témperature résultant, 1115 
Theodolite, electronic, 1211 
Thermal convection, laboratory investi- 
gations, 1239 
Thermal low, 781 
Thermal processes, effect on cloud ele- 
ments, 204 
Thermal slope wind see Wind, thermal 
slope 
Thermodynamic analysis, cloud, 697 
Thermodynamics of clouds, 199 
Thermodynamics of open systems, 531 
application to general circulation, 536 
homogeneous systems, 531 
differences between open and closed 
systems, 532 
first law, 531 
polythermic systems, 533 
peeideadiabaric transformations, 
second law, 532 
temperatures, 533 
wet-bulb, 533 
equivalent, 533 
nonhomogeneous systems, 534 
first law, 535 
heat flux due to atmospheric turbu- 
lence, 535 
second law, 5385 
Thermometer, recording black-bulb, 55 
vortex, 1224 
INDEX 
Thoron, source, 155 
Thunderheads, electric current density, 
14 
Thunderstorms, 681 
and the airplane, 690 
cell, life cycle, 682 
circulation, 681 
cumulus stage, 682 
development of new cells, 686 
development, preferred areas, 688 
dissipating stage, 683 
downdraft, thermodynamics, 683 
effect of cloud seeding on, 232 
electrical characteristics, 129 
electrical cycle, 115 
electric structure, 115 
electricity see Electricity, thunder- 
storm : 
entraining, thermodynamics of, 683 
forecasting, 690 
hearth, 689 
mature stage, 682 
movement, altocumulus and, 1173 
ressure, 685 
roject, 687 
instability line, 652 
radar pictures, 1276 
rainfall, 684 
relation of sferies to, 1298 
squall lines and, 689 
structure, 681 
study, by radar, 688 
supply current and, 113 
temperature, 685 
tropical cyclones, 892 
unsolved problems, 691 
weather, near surface, 684 
wind field, 684 
effect of environmental, 688 
Tidal variations, in geologic time, 1011 
Tides, atmospheric, 255, 257, 306, 510 
adiabatic nature, 519 
equilibrium solar, 510 
geomagnetic lunar, 521 
gravitational, 510 
Kelvin’s theory of, 523 
Laplace’s theory, 523 
lunar, annual mean, 515, 516 
annual variation, 515 
at Paris, 511 
computation methods, 514 
daily variations, 510 
distribution over North America, 
517 
geographical distribution, 515, 516 
harmonic analysis, 513 
harmonie dial, 513 
nontropical, 512 
probable error, 514 
rise and fall of ionospheric layers, 
520 
search for, 511 
temperature effect on, 519 
tropical, 512 
lunar tidal variations of cosmic rays, 
521 
lunar tidal wind currents, 519 
Newton’s theories, 523 
research needed, 527 
resonance theory, 524 
solar daily barometric variations, 
521 
solar day variations, 510 
solar semidiurnal, harmonic analy- 
sis, 513 : 
harmonic dial, 513 
oscillation, annual variation, 523 
oscillations, 521, 522 
theory, 523 
Time series, non-stationary, 851 
schematic, 850 
stationary, 850 
Topographic theory of climatic change, 
1016 
Tornadoes, 673 
air preceding, 674 
and pressure jump lines, 431 
appearance, 675 
audibility, 676 
axis, 676 
building safety, 678 
definition, 673 
flow pattern, 675 
forecasting, 678, 792 
frequency, 673 
generation, theories on, 676 
injuries from, 678 
instability lines and, 647, 651 
insurance, 678 
laboratory investigations, 1236 
loss of life from, 678 
low pressure in, cause of, 677 
maintenance, theories on, 676 
ges eave as energy source, 
6 
vertical, energy for, 676 
paths, 676 
preliminary signs, 673 
pressure, central, 674 
pressure drops and, 674 
properties, 674 
property damage from, 678 
protection of life, 678 
protection of property, 678 
public safety measures, 678 
rain and, 674 
related phenomena and, 673 
scent, 676 
source of energy, 651 
source of rotation, 651 
synoptic weather situations, 673 
thunderstorms and, 674 
tracking, 678 : 
tropical cyclones, 892 
visibility, 675 
weather conditions associated with, 673 
wind speed, 674 
Towering, 66 
Trades, boundaries, 864 
Trade-wind inversion, 864 
Transference, 270 
Transisobaric displacement of air, 783 
Transmission lines, protection against 
lightning, 142 
Transmittance meters, 94 
Tree histories, rainfall in North America, 
1026 
river flow in North America, 1026 
Tree line, Arctic, 955 
Tree-ring indices, see also Dendrochron- 
ology 
Arctic temperatures, 1027 
of rainfall, 1024 
of river flow, 1024 
of temperature, 1024 
physiological drought, 1028 : 
Tripartite stations, use in study of mi- 
croseisms, 1313 
Tropical air, source region, 600 
Tropical air parcel, movement, 610 
Tropical cyclones, 887 
aerology of, 902 
air-mass arrangement around, 888 
barometry, 888 
classification, according to develop- 
ment stage, 887 
according to intensity, 887 
clouds, 890 
detection, 896 
eye, 891, 905, 907 
forecasting movement, 897, 910 
frequency, 895 
height, 893 
information sources, 887 
inundations, 892 
methods of analysis, 903 
microseisms, 900 ae 
normal storm track, variation from, 
897 
