possible that they may meet. More drilling will be required to prove what the conditions 

 actually are. 



If the North Fluke were removed, it might be that Sound river ran south through what 

 are now Peconic and Shinnecock bays to the ocean. Otherwise, it must have passed through 

 Block Island sound or even further east in spite of the lack of grade. 



Connecticut river should have been a tributary of the Hudson gorge, but no trace of a 

 connection between the two can be found. 



Crosby's "Sound River Valley" 



Wells are seldom drilled in a moraine on account of difficulties with boulders and high 

 costs. There is no object, as a rule, in drilling for salt water. These two conditions are 

 responsible for the grave lack of wells in various parts of Kings and Queens counties. This is 

 unfortunate as the Cretaceous strata are heavily eroded in southern Kings and the aquifers 

 quite likely are interconnected through the Jameco. In addition, more information as to the 

 Jameco and Gardiners beds in this locality is badly needed. 



Veatch's "Sound River Valley" 



There is a deep valley in the Cretaceous heading up under Jamaica and running south. 

 Veatch supposed that this connected with Long Island sound, but this appears not to be the 

 case. The contours of this valley drawn from the available data show results which are topog- 

 raphically unsatisfactory. They show a deep gorge terminating in a narrow steep sided head. 

 Such shape would be expected if there were a southward running stream passing over a rock 

 ledge in a waterfall to form the head of the gorge. In this case, neither the feeder stream nor 

 the necessary resistant ledge are known or even suspected. Further information about this 

 is needed. 



Undrained Basins 



The best gathering grounds for ground water are level gravel deposits like Hempstead 

 Plains or basins and valleys without surface drainage outlets. Of these last, two are of 

 importance. 



Lake Ronkonkoma is a sink. It lies in the Ronkonkoma moraine just east of Nissequogue 

 glacial outwash channel into which it probably once overflowed. The apparent tributary drain- 

 age area extends to the north to the Harbor Hill moraine and is a rather narrow strip. 



East of this basin the intermorainal area extends easterly to include Peconic bay, but 

 there are two sections which do not drain into that bay. 



The western end of this area is a wide deep valley in which a stream runs easterly as far 

 as Coram, thence southerly to the Ronkonkoma moraine where it goes underground in Coram 

 sink. Topographically this stream should be a branch of Carmans river and very possibly 

 some water carried by it in flood times reaches that stream. Study of the flow in these streams 

 would be profitable. 



Yaphank Complex 



A strip of territory running across the island in the neighborhood of Yaphank and Camp 

 Upton (Brookhaven Laboratory) topographically is so peculiar that it should be studied with 

 care. Fuller noticed this and put a map of it in his report, but he did not discuss it at any 

 length except to state that the two ridges were Pre- Wisconsin. 



186 



