THE GOLDEN TROUT. 13 



passed the point of diversion mentioned, above tlie tunnel, aliout one-lialf of tlie volume of the stream 

 was flowing into the diteh over a small dam of brush and rock, and there was nothing to prevent the 

 escape of the fish. The flow of whaler was abundant for the purpose, and the water in the ditch, as 1 

 remember it, was not more than 3 feet below the surface of the water in the creek, and it flowed over 

 a broad dam. 



The amount allowed to be diverted [10,000 miner's inches under 4-inch pressure equals 90,000 

 gallons per minute] was several times the whole volume of water in the creek during the summer 

 months, and at that point I doubt if it exceeded 10,000 inches many days in the year. It is not prob- 

 able that 10,000 inches was diverted at any time, as it would be possible only during a freshet. 

 Under the order granting the prayer of the petitioners they would have been allowed to divert all the 

 water of Volcano Creek during the jieriod of low water. T have never heard that this was done, and 

 I do not know that it was not done. 



At the time of mj' visit (July 24) the totiil vohiiuc of Voh-ano Creek at the tun- 

 nel was about 4,898 gallons per minute. The tunnel was then entirely closed (as it 

 doubtless has been for many years), only a triliing amount of water seeping through 

 the gravel. The ditch some distance above the tunnel was also closed and no water 

 running in it. Information just received from Mr. Stewart says that no water ran 

 in it in llHl.j. It is doubtful whether any has run since 1899, and it is hoped that no 

 ofiort will ever be made again to divert the water of Volcano Creek. 



Information given b}^ Mr. John Broder, of Red.stone Park, agrees essentially 

 with the above. He states that the tunnel was made about 1883 or 1884, and that it 

 gave trouble by frequently caving in; that it was changed to an "open cut" about 

 1S91, but, continuing to cave in, was soon abandoned. A ditch diverting the water at 

 a point above the tunnel was then dug, about 1892. Mr. Broder says he has seen 

 the water running through the tunnel, the "open cut," and also through the ditch; 

 that there was nothing to prevent the free passagr of trout from Volcano Creek, and 

 that Hsh swimming downstream doubtless t(iiin<l ii easier to pass into the ditch or 

 tunnel than to continue down the creek; and .Mi'. Stewart found this condition exist- 

 ing in 1899. Mr. A. H. Swain, receiver of the United States Land Office at Vi.salia, 

 was there in 1903 and found no water div^erted, the ditch, as well as the tunnel, not 

 being in condition to carry water; and that was the condition at the time of my visit 

 in 1904. 



I have heard from various sources that the parties who constructed the tunnel 

 and ditch had l)een enjoined from diverting the water, but the truth of this statement 

 has not been established. The points of diversion are in Tulare County, and Mr. 

 Stewart informs me that the records of that eounty do not show that any such 

 injunction was issued. 



Professor La wson further says: 



It is evident that the period of eruption of the volcanoes of the Toowa Valley and the upbuilding 

 n( their cones is later than that of the formation of the valley, and that they are features imposed 

 upon, and independent of, the erosional geomorphy of the valley. The valley had evidently attained 

 its present rluiracter, as far as erosion is concerned, l)efore the volcanic eruption began, and has been 

 bur little modified since eruptive activity ceased, except by aggradation." 



The bed of Volcano Creek, however, has undergone considerable moditication 

 since the lava flow. This has consisted chiefly in the wearing away of the obstructing 

 lava and in the formation of a number of considerable falls in the last two or three 



aLawson, op. eit., p. 321. 



