THE FISHES OF SAMOA.' 223 



366. Holotrachys roseus (De Vis). South Seas. 



n.irpiuic ro^m De Vis, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. 1S84. 44s, South Seas. 

 Tills species is unknown to us. It is very clo.sc ti> II. liinn. uml is probably the same. 

 OSTICHTHYS Laugsdorf. 



367. Ostichthys pillwaxi Steindailmti . Ihiwaii. 



HOLOCENTHUS ( Artedi ) Gronow. Malan. 



368. Holocentrus spinifer Fonskal. Malan tmi. Sauioa; Hawaii; Boralwra; Waigiu; Papiia; 



Johnston I.; Thornton I.; Vanicolo; Tonga; Vavau; New Hebrides; Solomon Is. ; Raiatea 

 (Seale); East Indies. 

 lI,,!oniitnix 1,1, Cuvier & Valenciennes. Hist. Nat. Poiss., iii, 204, 1829, Borabora and New Guinea: not Il,,l,,railrum 

 f/iiinh mm Cuvier & Valenciennes and Sauvage. 



Tliis lari;e species is common at Samoa, and ranges from Hawaii, where it is not ran-, to thi' Red 

 Sea and Madairascar. It i.s known by its ileep body and narrow, conve.x profile. It much resembles 

 II. fiiKliiini. nl.iinx, and the name .^/m/'/. /■ i- adopted for the latter species by Valenciennes and Sauvage; 

 but a-^ Kor-kal s|icaks of the dark s|Has biliiiid the eye, which is characteristic of the species called 

 Ilijloc, iilrii.'i Ui.i, we agree with Ruppell, JUecker, Giinther, and Kliinzinger in r' -ding the present 

 species as the true spmi/er, leo being a .synonym. 



Forskal and Klunzinger state that the dorsal spines of this species are envenomeil. Both this 

 species and H. caudiiihiculatus are common in the Red Sea. 



Life colors of a specimen from Apia, deep red, scales with golden edges; no lengthwise stripes or 

 violet streaks; preopercle and opercle blood-red above; axil blood-red; first dorsal same color, 

 unmarked; dorsal, anal, and caudal scarlet, the upper and lower part of caudal redder; third and 

 fourth spines red; ventrals scarlet, the spine pink; pectoral scarlet; cheek pale brassy red, no white 

 stripes, except a faint streak below eye along upper edge of cheek, and a paler edge behind opercular 

 spot. One specimen with a sharp white striije above opercular spine. 



Life colors of another specimen from Apia, deep red, scales with narrow pale edges; deep reddish 

 black spot on opercle and across to axil; dorsal red, edged with deeper red; fins all red without pale 

 edging; membrane of third anal spine deep red. 



369. Holocentrus caudimaculatus Ruppell. Tamaluu vmimi; Tamcno viuimi. Samoa; Tahiti 



(Seale): Palauls.; Gilbert Is.; New Guinea; East Indies. 



ll'jlnr, „■; ,.,:.", ,.'„ ( 'uvier & Valenciennes, and of Sauvage; Holoceiitrum hmwvles Bleeker. 



This >['t ■ I, - |. iiiiiilaiit about Samoa, and westward to the Red sea. It is neari/. spirii/i?r but the 

 rofile is broa.l, i ami not concave, and there are other differences well expres.sed by Klunzinger and 

 by Sauvage. The color is deeper than in H. spinifer, and the white spot on the back of the tail is rarely 

 wanting in Jf. cuiuliiiiartiliilux. In II. .sijinifer this is not found, but is represented by a trace of paler 

 color. 



Life colors of a specimen from Apia, all deep red; faint violet streaks on lower parts; a faint line 

 down and backward from eye; axil deep red; fins all deep red; anal spine and front edge of ventral 

 only whitish; a large whitish black blotch on the back of the tail behind dorsal. 



370. Holocentrus violaceus I'.lceker. Mulaii tifi; MhIku uli. Samoa; New (iuinea (Macleay); 



This very strongly marked species is common at Samoa, where- about a dozen specimens were 

 taken. It is deep violet-brown, not red, w^ith a vertical pale streak on each scale, and a white blotch 

 on the back of each scale. It is not known from Hawaii. 



Life colors of a specimen from Apia called malau tifa and malau uli, blackish red, a vertical bar of 

 violet silvery at base of each scale; head mostly clear dark red; a blackish spot on opercular mem- 

 brane; a blood-red axillary spot; a darker red spot on upper part of opercle; first dorsal dark red with 

 a whitish edge and a deep red line below it; second dorsal, anal, and caudal dark red with a darker 

 anterior edge; a pink spot on back of tail ; ventral red, the spine bluish; first spine and first ray of anal 

 moderately deeper red; pectoral red; mouth small. 



Life colors of a specimen from Pago Pago called malau Ufa ( pearl shell), violet pearly reflections; 

 the color very dark, the violet pearly bars on each scale be'ow conspicuous; a bright pink spot on 

 back of tail. 



