192 BRITISH BIRDS. 



SAND-MARTIN Cotile riparia (L.). 



Down. Colour. — Gray, rather darker on the humeral tract. 

 Character. — Rather short, scanty. 



Distribution. — Inner supra-orbital, occipital, humeral, spinal 

 and ulnar. On the last two very scanty. Prepennse of 

 ulnar tract present on the secondary coverts. 



Coloration of Mouth. Inside, lemon-yellow ; no tongue 

 spots ; externally, flanges lemon-yellow. 



GREENFINCH Ligurinus chloris (L.). 

 Down. Colour. — Greyish white. 



Character. — Medium length, sparse on the crural and ventral 



tracts. 



Distribution. — Inner supra-orbital, occipital, humeral, spinal, 



ulnar, femoral, ventral and crural. 

 Coloration of Mouth. Inside, deep crimson, no tongue 



spots ; externally, gape white, beak horn colour with a 



yellowish tint. 



HAWFINCH Coccothraustes vulgaris Pall. 



Down. Colour. — Snow-white. 



Character. — Long and plentiful. 



Distribution. — Inner supra-orbital, occipital, humeral, spinal, 



ulnar, femoral, ventral and crural. 

 Coloration of Mouth. Inside, violet pink ; no tongue 



spots ; externally, flanges yello^\ish orange and whitish 



at the angles. The bill during the first two days is not 



markedly large, but it rapidly grows in size. 



HOUSE-SPARROW Passer domesticus (L.). 



Down. Absent. 



Coloration of Mouth. Inside, yellow ; no tongue spots ; 

 externally, flanges hghter yellow. 



TREE-SPARROW Passer montanus (L.). 

 Down. Absent. 

 N.B. — Taking into consideration the development of the down 



in the other Fringillince the absence of it in the genus 



Passer is a most remarkable fact. 



CHAFFINCH Fringilla ccelebs L. 

 Down. Colour. — Greyish. 



Character. — Moderate in length and quantity. 

 Distribution. — Inner and outer supra-orbital, occipital, 

 humeral, spinal, ulnar, femoral, ventral and crural. 



