Reproduction of Eleutheria, Quatref. i! 
In the course of its development the excrescence acquires a 
hemispherical form, its base, which is still affixed broadly to the 
parent animal, becoming gradually more and more narrowed or 
constricted, whilst the distal extremity, or that turned from the 
parent, becomes widened and flattened. On the periphery of this 
distal surface six rounded processes are soon seen to rise at equal 
distances apart, during which the endoderm bounding the cavity of 
the bud is drawn out into a corresponding number of diverticula. 
These processes, as may easily be supposed, are the first traces 
of the future arms. 
When the above-mentioned processes have become developed 
into the stems of the arms, the branches soon make their ap- 
pearance. ‘The extremity of one branch, namely that which will 
subsequently be the upper one, gradually dilates, becomes fur- 
nished with a constantly increasing number of nematocysts, and 
is thus converted into the urticating knob. In this stage the 
areolar tissue which is afterwards acquired by the arms is 
scarcely indicated. The endoderm of the arms, containing an 
abundance of the brown corpuscles, is closely applied to the ecto- 
derm, and the axial canals are still considerably wider than in 
the fully developed animal. The bud adheres to the parent 
animal by a short stalk issuing from the vertex of the arched 
surface (the future dorsal surface). 
During the maturation of the bud to its future form, the ocelli 
make their appearance close above the origin of the arms; 
and subsequently the mouth, which was previously wauting, 
also appears. In the arms the areolar structure may now be 
much more distinctly recognized; but the endoderm, although 
laterally removed from the ectoderm and compressed towards the 
axis of the arms, still retains its previous intense-brown colour. 
A little before maturity the impulse to independent move- 
ments awakens in the bud. We may then see how it continually 
bends the arnis to and fro, and even endeavours to adhere by 
them to the nearest objects. When the period for its separa- 
tion from the parent arrives, it falls off, with the adherent 
peduncle, after which the latter is rapidly shortened and finally 
vanishes. The diameter of the body of the bud when set free 
may be estimated at + mill.; so that it has to become twice as 
large to attain its definitive size*. 
The formation of buds commences at a very early period of 
life, at a time when the young Hleutheria is still connected with 
its parent asa bud. A little before the separation of the bud 
the first gemma may already be seen sprouting forth in one of the 
* Tf the above description of the gemmation be compared with that of 
Hincks, who was so fortunate as to observe it upon the polype-stock, the 
mutual agreement in regard to essential points will not be overlooked, 
