140 Prof. F. M‘Coy on the Ancient and Recent 
same Graptolites, accompanied by the same little Brachiopod 
shell in. the similar black slates of the “Deep Creek” section 
north of Melbourne. The characteristic genus Hymenocaris of 
these ancient beds in Wales also occurs here in a peculiar spe- 
cies, the Hymenocaris Salteri (M‘Coy). In many other neigh- 
bouring localities I have recognized so many of the ordinary 
Bala and Snowdon fossils as to enable me to suggest the map- 
ping of the Bala beds to the Geological Survey; and over them 
are clear representations of the Mayhill Sandstone: but, con- 
fining ourselves to the details now first made known of the con- 
tents of the Graptolite beds, we have the astonishing fact of the 
specific identity of the marine fauna over the whole world during 
the most ancient palzozoic period. This had already been re- 
cognized over an extended area in the northern hemisphere; but 
the extension with the present detail to the southern hemisphere 
cannot fail to give rise to the most interesting geological specu- 
lations. I now proceed to give the first distinct announcement, 
based on specific identifications, of the existence of the Upper 
Silurian formation in the southern hemisphere; and here, too, 
geologists will learn with interest the fact that at Broadhurst 
Creek, in Victoria, the rocks are filled exclusively with a profu- 
sion of specimens of the Wenlock Shale Trilobite, the Phacops 
(Odontochile) longicaudatus, so abundant at Cheney Longville in 
Shropshire and many Wenlock-Shale localities in Britain ; and 
the cuttings in Johnston-street, in Melbourne, have afforded us 
the Orthoceras bullatum, so abundant a Ludlow-rock fossil in 
Wales. Here, again, we can point now for the first time to the 
marvellous fact of the specific identity of the inhabitants of the 
seas of the-most widely distant poimts of the northern and 
southern hemispheres during this second great geological epoch 
of the zoological history of the earth. 
2. Upper Paleozoic Period. 
Professor Morris, Professor Dana, and myself have formerly 
pointed out a considerable but more general resemblance be- 
tween the Upper Paleozoic rocks underlying the coal beds of 
New South Wales and Tasmania, and the lower part of the Car- 
boniferous Limestone formation of the whole world (there having 
as yet been no distinct identifications to prove the existence in 
Australia of the intermediate Middle Paleozoic or Devonian 
formations). Here we have the extinction of the characteristic 
Trilobites, Graptolites, Corals, and Mollusca marking the Cam- 
brian and Silurian epochs in Hurope and North America, as well 
as in Victoria, at the close of those periods occurring in the 
southern hemisphere synchronously with this great change in 
the northern half of the world; and the new generic creations 
