444, Mr. H. J. Carter on the Possible Entrance of 
(Turning to another subject.—To those who are interested in 
seeing how the fungi follow in their propagation the law of all 
other organized beings, the species of Xylaria to which I have 
above alluded may form a beautiful example ; for it presents on 
its surface conceptacles of two kinds, viz. one (the female) bear- 
ing thecze filled with sporidia, and the other (the male) bearing 
a bunch of filaments surmounted by spermatia or conidia. It 
is necessary, however, not to confound this Xylaria with another 
species of Spheria which often accompanies it, viz. an Hypoxy- 
lon. The former is brown when fresh, dentiform, digitiform or 
clavate, with no definite internal structure; the latter blackish 
brown, globose, convex, and sessile, presenting a concentric la- 
minated structure internally, and throwing off a dark-black, 
indigo-blue powder when mature, which consists of the sporidia. 
Both may exceed in size the fingers and the fist respectively.) 
“ Fungus- Disease.” —Again, the black fungus described by 
my namesake (Dr. H. V. Carter) in the last number of the 
‘Transactions’ (No. VI.), which commits such devastation in 
the bones and soft parts of the feet and ankles almost exclusively, 
and ultimately attains, in spheroidal masses, the diameter of half 
an inch, may also, in an embryo state, that is, in the form of a 
zoospore, like an Ameba, enter the body through one of the 
sudorific ducts; for microscopic examination of fresh, young 
and favourable specimens of this undoubted fungus has led me 
to infer that it is most nearly allied to the Mucoridee, ex. gr. 
Mucor stolonifer, Ehy. (the black-headed, pin-shaped fungus 
that grows over paste), which we shall presently see is most 
probably propagated in this way. This Mucor is closely allied 
to Achlya, which‘has been viewed by some as merely an aquatic 
form of it, so much are the two alike (ex. gr. the fungus which 
grows out from dead’ grasshoppers and insects generally when 
undergoing decomposition in water). Closely allied to Achlya, 
again, are the “ water-fungi” which grow in and out through 
the cells of all Alga, to which I have long called attention in 
the Characee, &c. (Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 1856), and which 
lately have been named by Pringsheim “ Pythium” (Ann. des 
Se. Nat. t. xi. p. 370, Bot. 1859): ex. gr. Pythium entophytum, 
which breeds in and about the cells of Spirogyra after the latter 
has been removed from its habitat, and kept in a basin of water 
until it begins to perish. Lastly, all these are allied to the 
great fungus family of Myxogastres, for which now the name 
of “ Myxozoa” has been proposed by M. Antoine de Bary (Ann. 
des Se. Nat. t. xi. p. 150, Bot. 1859), partly on account of their 
embryos or propagative germs being locomotive—that is, poly- 
morphic cells (minute Amebe), provided with one or two cilia, 
so that they can swim with the latter when in water, or creep 
