MUSCLES CONNECTED WITH THE SHOULDER-JOINT. 629 



upper-limb muscles to be in any way homologous with that of Che glutei. The spin (i 

 and glutei do, it is true, resemble each other in attaining their greatest development in 

 mammals; and the so-called "gluteus maximus" and " medm" of the Orocodilida? (of 

 Dr. Hair, 'Cambridge Journal of Anatomy and Physiology,' Nov. 18(17) may be seen, l.v 

 their innervation from the anterior crural, not to correspond to the similarly nam. 1 

 muscles of mammals. But concomitant variation within the limits of a single class 

 does not make two sets of muscles, with essentially diilerent in- rtion and innervation, 

 to be serially homologous. 



Few anatomists would now deny that the os pubis is the homologue, not of the clavicl. , 

 but of the praecoracoid ; but though I have myself accepted the comparison of the iliacus 

 to the spinati, I should not so positively dissent from Professor Goodsir's comparison of 

 it to the deltoid as I do from his other comparisons here specified. 



But I may be permitted, perhaps, to say that the recti abdominis can scarcely be con- 

 sidered to form, as Professor Goodsir ranks them as forming, a class apart from the 

 external and internal obliqui; for the arrangement of the-*' muscles, as seen, for ex- 

 ample, in the common Fowl and the common Pigeon severally, seems to me to show that 

 the rectus abdominis may be considered to be a specialization in one animal of one, and 

 in another of the other of these muscles. Neither is evidence wanting to show that the 

 recti abdominis should, instead of being placed in a class by themselves, have th< pcc/<>- 



rales as well as the obliqui ranked with them*. 



Thirdly, a copiously illustrated memoir on the subject of this paper, * Die Musk cln 

 der vorderen Extremitaten der Beptilien und Vogel," by Dr. Kiidinger, of Munich, has 

 come into my hands quite recently. In it, however, I can find no views enunciated as to 

 the homology of that most distinctively avian specialization the pecfaraUs tccimdus. A1 

 p. 105, however, of this memoir I find a statement as to the muscles of sturians irhush 

 confirms the view I had previously formed as to the homology of the muscular belli i 

 which pass in certain animals (see p. 623) from the scapula to the forearm with the 

 hamstring muscles of the lower limb. His words run thus :-« Kur erhebt rich iwi hen 

 dem lateralen Kopfe (des Triceps) und dem Deltoideus ein vom Sehulterhlatt besoml t 

 langlicher Muskel, welcher da, wo gewohnlich das Li gament .urn intermuscular externum 

 angebracht ist, nach unten gelangt, an der Beugeseitc des Vorderarms Vcrstarkun- chalt, 

 und, theilweise mit der Aponeurose der am untern Ende des Humerus entspnngenden 

 Muskeln zusammenhangend, seinen Ansatz mit einer diinnen runden Sehne an der Be* 



geseite des Radius findet." .,,.,,.. f +1 



Finally, I should add that I have strengthened the conclusions winch I laid before th. 



Linnean Society in June last by employing, as suggested to mc ^^^j* J jj 



ich 



Boycott, the eTidence which may be drawn from the facts of innervation 

 line of evidence has not, so far as I know, been touched upon in any other memoir «po» 

 this subject, I have not thought it necessary to keep the part.cular arguments 

 belong to it apart from the rest of the text. 



* See Mivart, Proc. Zool. Soc. June 27, 1867, p. 776. 



Anatomi 



Ecker. 



Frosches 



See also, at page 626 of this memoir, the description of Fig. -'3, e 



