14 BTJEEAU or AMi:r.IL'AX LTilXOLOGY [bull, c 3 



There is not the slightest thread on whicli I am able to hang any positive 

 doubt, save the arch of material over the bones. It was at first thought to be 

 eitlier the natural arch of the top of a grave or a dividing plane between an 

 earlier and a later deposit, and that the bones lay in the outer, later deposit, 

 made long after the glacial period. Tlie former hypothesis proved to be un- 

 tenable, because the gravel became firn. before the bones were reached, while 

 excavating downward from the crack. In testing the latter hypothesis, a simi- 

 lar dilllculty arose. Xo break could be found between the stratified gravel of 

 figure 5 and the stratified gravel in the steepest part of the bluff. Although a 

 search was made for signs of a break, showing that erosion was follo\\ed by 

 alluviation, and for facts showing that the fill material contained the bones, 

 nothing conclusive or even suggestive could be found. 



Dr. Eaton's report on the bones, human and animal, in his part of 

 this first publication on the Ciizco finds is both careful and cautious. 

 As to the human bones, he rather dissonantly concludes that — 



It is clear that no proof of great antiquity can be drawn from the characters 

 of the human skeletal parts submitted to me, agreeing as they do in all essen- 

 tial respects with the bones of a recent people. Until additional skeletal ma- 

 terial is obtained shoAving characters more primitive than those already noted, 

 the burden of proof of great antiquity must rest on geological and paleonto- 

 logical evidence. 



With regard to the animal bones. Dr. Eaton arrives at this time at 

 no definite conclusion as to the exact species they represent or their 

 antiquity ; there is need of further comparison. 



In 1912 the work of the Yale Peruvian Expedition was resumed. 

 This time the expedition was accompanied by Prof. Herbert E. 

 Gregory as geologist, and considerable time was devoted to a critical 

 study of the Cuzco graA'els. Dr. Eaton also accompanied the ex- 

 pedition as osteologist for the purpose of making needed local 

 comparisons. The results of the season's work proved of consid- 

 erable importance, particularly in relation to the human and animal 

 remains recovered the year previous from these gravels. The report 

 of the work, published in The American Journal of Science in July, 

 1913,^ presents a number of highly interesting and satisfactory con- 

 clusions. 



Professor Bingham, to whom American anthropologists must be 

 grateful for having done everything in his power to ascertain the 

 exact truth concerning the Cuzco remains, contents himself, in his 

 brief prologue, with the statement that " while the results are not 

 as exciting as some people wish they were, it is a great satisfaction 

 to me to have been able to get to the bottom of this interesting 

 problem." 



1 The Investigation of tlie I'lcliistoiic Human Remains Found Near Cuzco, Peru, in 

 1911, by Hiram Bingham ; Vertebrate Remains in the Cuzco Gravels, by George F. 

 Eaton ; The Gravels at Cuzco. Peru, by Herbert E. Gregory. Amer. Journ. Sci., 4tii 

 ser., vol. xxxvi^ pp. 1-29, Xew Haven, July, 1913. 



