26 BUKEAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [bull. 66 



marl " stratum as Xo. 2, and ^ the alluvial bed " resting upon this as 

 stratum No. 3. Stratum No. 1 has alreadj^^ been defined. Stratum 

 No. 2— 



[P. 1281 includes cross-bedded river-wash sand, partially decayed wood and 

 muck, san<l stained brown by organic matter, and at places fresh-wator marl 

 rock. The distinctly cross-bedded sands of this stratum are found near the 

 base, and it is here chiefly that the decayed wood and muck occur lying in 

 stream channels in the shell marl. The brown sand contains in places many 

 fresh-water shells, and grades -into the fresh-water marl, which in places in- 

 cludes at the top as much as 2 feet of rather hard rock. Yertel)rate and fresh- 

 water invci'telirate fossils occur throughout this bed from the cross-bedded 

 sands at the base to the marl rock at the top. It is from this bed also that 

 the first human fossils found at Vero were taken. 



Stratum No. 3 is described thus: 



[Pp. 120-l.^>0.1 Resting upon this sand and marl bed and in places cutting into 

 it is an alluvial deposit consisting chiefly of vegetable material intermixed with 

 sand, grading at the top in places, as is true also of the bed beneath, into a 

 fresh-water marl. The average aggrading of the stream valley by this alluvial 

 material amounts to about 2 feet, although locally where'the stream cut deeply 

 into the underlying bed this deposit reaches a maximum thickness of .5 or 6 

 feet. This alluvial deposit contains vertebrate and plant fossils and in the 

 fresh-water marl occasional invertebrates. Human remains are found in this 

 deposit also, their place in the section being indicated in text figures 1 and 2. 



Between the marine marl, No. 1 of the section, and the sand and mai'l 

 stratum holding human and other vertebrate fossils. No. 2 of the section, there 

 exists no persistent well-marked break in deposition. There Is, however, a 

 change frO'm marine to fresh-water conditions, and accompanying this change 

 one finds evidence of stream action, materials from the land having been 

 washed in and deposited in channels in the marine shell marl. On the other 

 hand, there are places in the section where the sand and shell beds of the 

 marine deposits dovetail into the succeeding fresh-water deposits in such a 

 way as to indicate continxious deposition. It is probable that the fresh-water 

 deposit indicated by No. 2 of the section represents at this locality the 

 closing phase of the marine marl formation, the change to fresh-water condi- 

 tions having been brought about by a slight shifting of the strand line. 



Between this older stream deposit. No. 2. and the alluvial bed which fol- 

 lows, No. 3, there is on the other hand an abrupt, well-marked, persistent 

 break, the top surface of stratum No. 2 being extremely irregular. The 

 alluvial bed. No. 3, the initial phase of which is represented by pronounced 

 stream action, conforms to the irregularities of the older deposits. Stratum 

 No. 3 represents possibly the filling of the stream channel which followed the 

 late Pleistocene depression referred to on page 126. 



One of the abundant and easily recognized fossils of stratum No. 2 is the 

 Columbian elephant, Elephris columhi, and for convenience of reference this 

 stratum may be known as the EJephns colunibi zone or horizon. An abundant 

 fossil in stratum No. 3 is a deer which is referred provisionally to the modern 

 Odoroilcns osceola, and this stratum may be known as the Odocoileus osceola 

 zone. 



The hu?nan remains. First skeleton. 



[Pp. 131-132.1 In October, 1915, Mr. Ayers, while examining the stratum 

 which contains the vertebrate fossils, found some bones in place which seemed 

 probably to belong to a human skeleton. In order to verify the place of the 



