hudlu'^ka] discoveries ATTRIBUTED TO EARLY MAN 41 



irregularity and old disturbances. Sellards, however, regards every- 

 thing above layer 1 as layer 2 except the muck deposits of the 

 sti'eani beds. 



Above the daik portion of layer 2 conditions differ. In that part 

 of the southern bank which represents the bed of the southern 

 affluent or extension of Van Valtenberg Creek it is overlaid in 

 great unconformity by black, in places fresh-looking, muck, in 

 which lie partially rotted, partially still well-preserved, trunks and 

 roots of trees, and in which occur also smaller or larger patches of 

 loose white sand, or sand and marl, or shell detritus, that in cross 

 section give the deposit an appearance of partial, irregular lamina- 

 tion or stratification. This is laj'er 3 of Sellards. It or its sandy 

 " pockets " have also yielded numerous fossils of vertebrates of for 

 the greater part extinct species. 



Along the remaining parts of the southern bank layer 2 is covered 

 by lighter compact nonindurated alluvial sands, which reach to near 

 the sui'face. This layer is pierced from above by many roots, but 

 contains no muck. It has yielded a few veterbrate fossils. 



This layer in turn is overlaid in certain areas if not generally by 

 fresh- water marl of uneven thickness. So far as seen by the writer 

 the thickness of this marl ranges from a few to perhaps as many as 

 10 inches, but the lower portions merge so gradually into the de- 

 posits beneath that the exact limits of either are hard to determine. 

 Wherever a fresh cut was made into this marl along the new ex- 

 posures made under the writer's direction, it was found to be of 

 the consistency of fresh mortar; in older exposures, however, the 

 marl is " set " or hardened, though even where well consolidated it 

 hardly deserves to be classed as solid rock or stone in the ordinary 

 meaning of these terms. This layer of marl, where it exists, with a 

 dusting of white wind-blown sand and the low, thick vegetation, 

 forms the surface of the ground. 



The foregoing is a general nontechnical view of the deposits at 

 Vero, more particularly in the southern bank of the canal, as 

 observed by the writer in about 160 feet of fresh exposures made 

 under his direction. It agrees essentially with the descriptions pub- 

 lished by Dr. Sellards, with the few exceptions noted. Though 

 the points of difference are of no great consequence the writer could 

 only feel that too much weight has been given to the "rock" in 

 layer 2, as well as to that on the surface, and to the " stratification " 

 of the muck deposits. 



HISTORY OF THE FINDS 



An account of the circumstances of the various finds of human 

 remains in the Vero deposits has been given by Dr. Sellards, and 



