hudliCk a] 



DISCOVERIES ATTRIBUTED TO EARLY MAN 



57 



and 3.55 cm. in minimum breadth : the form of the bone is strictly 

 modern; the nuiscidar impressions are well marked. The tooth 

 which evidentl}' belongs to this skeleton is the left median upper 

 incisor. It is of moderate size, the total original length not hav- 

 ing exceeded 2.3 cm. ; the root dorsally and in median line measures 

 1.3 cm. The crown is worn down to about one-half its original size, 

 so it is difficult to determine the original form of its buccal surface, 

 but it is seen that this was somewhat concave or shovel shaped, as in 

 Indians, though the concavity was probably less pronounced than in 

 most members of the race. There are. however, full-blood Indians 

 in whom this concavit}^ is slight and in rare cases it is entirely absent. 

 The femora are strong, with normal curves, and not pilasteric. 

 The location of the minor trochanter is exactly as in modern bones, 

 which is important. There is a fairly large third trochanter, but 

 this is a feature which is found in both whites and Indians and has 

 little if any racial or evolutionary significance. A characteristic 

 which speaks strongly for these femora being Indian is the marked 

 flattening of the shaft below the trochanters; in whites this flattening 

 is generally less pronounced. The dimensions of the bones, which 

 show in the main how closely the Vero man represented by the skele- 

 ton under consideration resembled in development the modern Indian, 

 are as follows: 



Measurements of the Femora 



At middle: ^ 



Diam. ant. post cm. 



Diam. lat cm . 



Index 



At upper flattening: 



Diam. maximum cm. 



Diam. minimum cm. 



Index 



Vero Skelc 

 ton II. 



Right, i Left. 



2.9 



2.7 

 93. 1 



2.7 

 96.4 



3. 5 

 2.3 



65. 7 



U.S. 

 whites. 



2.95 



2.85 

 96.8 



2.97 

 2.39 



80.3 



So much for groups ; but there are in larger series of Indian femora 

 individual specimens that practically duplicate in measurements that 

 from the Vero deposits. 



The humerus, even more if possible than any of the other bones, is 

 Indian in type. It is strong without being massive. The septum 

 shows a medium-sized perforation; these perforations occur in all 



