fewke.s] PREHISTORIC VILLAGES, CASTLES, AND TOWERS 15 



pueblo, containing one or more unit types, circular kivas of character- 

 istic form, surrounded by rectangular rooms. These units, single, or 

 consolidated, may be grouped in clusters, as Mitchell Spring or 

 Aztec Spring Ruins; the clusters may be fused into a large build- 

 ing, as at Aztec or in the community buildings on Chaco Canyon. 



2. Cliff-houses. These morphologically belong to the same pure 

 type as pueblos; their sites in natural caves are insufficient to sepa- 

 rate them from open-sky buildings. 



3. Towers and great houses. These buildings occur united to 

 cliff-dwellings or pueblos, but more often they are isolated. 



4. Rooms with walls made of megaliths or small stone slabs set 

 on edge. 



In reports on the excavation of Far View House 1 on the Mesa 

 Verde, the author called attention to clusters of mounds indicating 

 ruined buildings in the neighborhood of Mummy hake, a little more 

 than 4 miles from Spruce-tree House. This cluster he considers a 

 village; Far View House, excavated from one of the mounds, is 

 regarded as a prehistoric pueblo of the pure type. The forms of 

 other buildings covered by the remaining mounds of the Mummy 

 Lake site are unknown, but it is probable that they will be found 

 to resemble Far View House, or that all members of the village 

 have similar forms. 



This grouping of small pueblos into villages at Mummy Lake on 

 the Mesa Verde is also a distinctive feature of ruins in the Montezuma 

 Valley and McElmo district. In these villages one or more of the 

 component houses may be larger and more conspicuous, dominating 

 all the others, as at Goodman Point, or at Aztec Spring. The houses 

 composing the village at Mud Spring were about the same size, but at 

 Wolley Ranch Ruin only one mound remains, evidently the largest, 

 the smaller having disappeared. 



The third group, towers and great houses, includes buildings of 

 oval, circular, semicircular, and rectangular shapes. Morphologically 

 speaking, they do not present structural features of pueblos, for they 

 are not terraced, neither have they specialized circular ceremonial 

 rooms, kivas with vaulted roofs surrounded by rectangular rooms, or 

 other essential features of the pueblo type. The group contains build- 

 ings which are sometimes consolidated with cliff-houses and pueblos, 

 but are often independent of them. In this type are included castel- 

 lated buildings in the Mancos, Yellow Jacket, McElmo, and the 

 numerous northern tributary canyons of the San Juan. 



i A Prehistoric Mesa Vordc Pueblo and its People. Smithson. Rept. for 1916, pp. 461 188,1917. Far 

 View House— a Pure Type of Pueblo Ruin. Art and Archaeology, vol. vi, no. 3, 1917. 



