16 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [boll. 70 



Villages 

 rectangular ruins of the pure type 



As the word is used in this report, a village is a cluster of houses 

 separated from each other, each building constructed on the same plan, 

 viz, a circular ceremonial room or kiva with mural banquettes and 

 pilasters for the support of a vaulted roof, inclosed in rectangular 

 rooms. When there is one kiva and surrounding angular rooms we 

 adopt the name "unit type." When, as in the larger mounds, there 

 are indications of several kivas or unit types consolidated — the size 

 being in direct proportion to the number — we speak of the building 

 as belonging to the "pure type." Doctor Prudden, who first pointed 

 out the characteristics of the "unit type," 1 has shown its wide dis- 

 tribution in the McElmo district. The Mummy Lake village has 16 

 mounds indicating houses. Far View House, one of these houses, is 

 made up of an aggregation of four unit types and hence belongs to 

 the author's "pure type." 



While villages similar to the Mummy Lake group, in the valleys near 

 Mesa Verde, have individual variations, the essential features are the 

 same, aswill appear in the following descriptions of Surouaro, and ruins 

 at Goodman Point, Mud Spring, Aztec Spring, and Mitchell Spring. 

 Commonly, in these villages, one mound predominates in size over 

 the others, and while rectangular in form, has generally circular 

 depressions on the surface, recalling conditions at Far View mound 

 before excavation. These mounds indicate large buildings in blocks, 

 made up of many unit forms of the pure type, united into compact 

 structures. One large dominant member of the village recalls those 

 ruins where the village is consolidated into one community pueblo. 

 The separation of mounds in the village and their concentration in 

 the community house may be of chronological importance, although 

 the relative age of the simple and composite forms can not at present 

 be determined; but it is important to recognize that the units of con- 

 struction in villages and community buildings are identical. 



Surouaro 



The cluster of mounds formerly called Surouaro, now known as 

 Yellow Jacket Spring Ruin, is situated near the head of the canyon 

 of the same name to the left of the Monticello road, 14 miles west of 

 Dolores. This village (pis. 1, c; 2, c) contains both large and small 

 houses of the pure pueblo type, covering an area somewha t less than the 

 Mummy Lake group, on the Mesa Verde. The arrangement of mounds 

 in clusters naturally recalls the Galisteo and Jemez districts, New 



1 The situation of the cemetery, one of the characters of Prudden's "unit type," appears constant in 

 one-kiva buildings, but is variable in (lie pure type, and, as shown in the author's application of the unit 

 type to the crowded condition in Spruce-tree House and other cliff-houses, does not occur in the same 

 position as in pueblos of tho pure type open to the sky. 



