fewkes] PREHISTORIC VILLAGES, CASTLES, AND TOWERS 17 



Mexico, where, however, the arrangement of the mounds and the 

 structure of each is different. The individual houses in a Mesa Verde 

 or Yellow Jacket village were not so grouped as to inclose a rectangu- 

 lar court, but were irregularly distributed with intervals of consider- 

 able size between them. 1 



The largest mound in the Surouaro village, shown in plate 1, c, 

 corresponds with the so-called "Upper House" of Aztec Spring Ruin, 

 but is much larger than Far View or any other single mound in the 

 Mummy Lake village. 



Surouaro was one of the first ruins in this region described by 

 American explorers, attention having been first called to it by Pro- 

 fessor Newberry, 2 whose description follows: "Surouaro is the name 

 of a ruined town which must have once contained a'population of 

 several thousands. The name is said to be of Indian (Utah) origin, 

 and to signify desolation, and certainly no better could have been 

 selected. . . . The houses are, many of them, large, and all built of 

 stone, hammer dressed on the exposed faces. Fragments of pot- 

 tery are exceedingly common, though like the buildings, showing 

 great age. . . . The remains of metates (corn mills) are abundant 

 about the ruins. The ruins of several large reservoirs, built of 

 masonry, may be seen at Surouaro, and there are traces of acequias 

 which led to them, through which water was brought, perhaps from 



a great distance." 



Goodman Point Ruin 



This ruin is a cluster of small mounds surrounding larger ones, 

 recalling the arrangement at Aztec Spring. They naturally fall 

 into two groups which from their direction or relation to the adja- 

 cent spring may be called the south and^north sections. 



The most important mound of the south section, Block A, meas- 

 ures 74 feet on the north, 79 feet on the south, and 76 feet on the 

 west side. This large mound corresponds morphologically to the 

 "Upper House" at Aztec Spring (fig. 1, A). About it there are 

 arranged at intervals, mainly on the north and east sides, other 

 smaller mounds generally indicating rectangujar buildings. The 

 southeast angle of the largest is connected by a low wall with one 

 of the smaller mounds, forming an enclosure called a court, whose 

 northern border is the rim of the canyon just above the spring. A 

 determination of the detailed architectural features of the building 



i In his valuable study, Pueblo Ruins of the Galisleo Basin, New Mexico (Anthrop. Papers of the Amer. 

 Mus. Nat. Hist,, vol. xv, pt. 1, 1914), Mr. Nelson figures (Plan I, B) an embedded circular kiva in what he 

 calls the "historic part" of the Galisteo Ruin, but does not state how he distinguishes the historic from 

 the prehistoric part of this building. The other kivas at Galisteo are few in number and not embedded, 

 but situated outside the house masses as in historic pueblos. 



5 Report of the exploring expedition from Santa Fe, New Mexico, to the Junction of the Grand and Green 

 Rivers of the Great Colorado of the West in 1S59, under the command of Capt, J. N. Macomb, p. 88, Wash- 

 ington, 1876. 



10SS52 — 19— Bull. 70 2 



