24 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [bull. 70 



The best, almost the only accounts of this village are the follow- 

 ing taken from the descriptions by Jackson and Holmes published 

 in 1877. Mr. Jackson gives the following description: 1 



"Immediately adjoining the spring, on the right, as we face it 

 from below, is the ruin of a great massive structure [Upper House ?] 

 of some kind, about 100 feet square in exterior dimensions; a portion 

 only of the wall upon the northern face remaining in its original posi- 

 tion. The debris of the ruin now forms a great mound of crumbling 

 rock, from 12 to 20 feet in height, overgrown with artemisia, but 

 showing clearly, however, its rectangular structure, adjusted approx- 

 imately to the four points of the compass. Inside this square is 

 a circle, about 60 feet in diameter, deeply depressed in the center. 

 The space between the square and the circle appeared, upon a hasty 

 examination, to have been filled in solidly with a sort of rubble- 

 masonry. Cross-walls were noticed in two places; but whether 

 they were to strengthen the walls or divided apartments could 

 only be conjectured. That portion of the outer wall remaining 

 standing is some 40 feet in length and 15 in height. The stones were 

 dressed to a uniform size and finish. Upon the same level as this ruin, 

 and extending back some distance, were grouped line after line of 

 foundations and mounds, the great mass of which is of stone but not 

 one remaining upon another . . . Below the above group, some 200 

 yards distant, and communicating by indistinct lines of debris, is 

 another great wall, inclosing a space of about 200 feet square [Lower 

 House?] . . . This better preserved portion is some 50 feet in 

 length, 7 or 8 feet in height, and 20 feet thick, the two exterior sur- 

 faces of well-dressed and evenly laid courses, and the center packed 

 in solidly with rubble-masonry, looking entirely different from those 

 rooms which had been filled with debris, though it is difficult to 

 assign any reason for its being so massively constructed . . . The 

 town built about this spring is nearly a square mile in extent, the 

 larger and more enduring buildings in the center, while all about 

 are scattered and grouped the remnants of smaller structures, com- 

 prising the suburbs.' 



The description by Professor Holmes 2 is more detailed and 

 accompanied by a ground plan, and is quoted below: 



"The site of the spring I found, but without the least appearance 

 of water. The depression formerly occupied by it is near the center 

 of a large mass of rums, similar to the group [Mud Spring village] 

 last described, but having a rectangular instead of a circular building 

 as the chief and central structure. This I have called the upper 

 house in the plate, and a large walled enclosure a little lower on the 

 slope I have for the sake of distinction called the lower house. 



» Op. Cit., pp. 377-378. 2 Op. cit., p. 400. 



