pewkes] PREHISTORIC VILLAGES, CASTLES, AND TOWERS 27 



and its walls difficult to trace, the surface indications, aided by com- 

 parative studies of the rooms, show that Holmes' "a," "h," and 

 "e," now shown by depressions, are circular, subterranean kivas. 

 They are the same kind of chambers as the circular depressions in 

 the mounds on the south side of the spring. The height of the 

 mound called "Upper House" indicates that the building had more 

 than one story on the west and north sides, and that a series of rooms 

 one story high with accompanying circular depressions existed on 

 the east side. 



The "Upper House" is only one of several pueblos composing the 

 western cluster of the Aztec Spring village. Its proximity to the 

 source of water may in part account for its predominant size,* but 

 there are evidences of several other mounds (E-II) in its neighbor- 

 hood, also remains of pueblos. Those on the north (C) and west 

 sides (E-II) are small and separated from it by intervals sometimes 

 called courts. The most extensive accumulation of rooms, next the 

 "Upper House" is situated across the draw in which the spring 

 lies, south of the "Upper House " cluster already considered. The 

 aggregation of houses neap the " Upper House " is mainly composed of 

 low rectangular buildings among which are recognized scattered 

 circular depressions indicating kivas. The largest of these buildings 

 is indicated by the mound on the south rim of the draw, where we 

 can make out remains of a number of circular depressions or kivas 

 (K), as if several unit" forms fused together; on the north and west 

 sides of the spring there are small, low mounds, unconnected, also 

 suggesting several similar unit forms. The most densely populated 

 part of the village at Aztec Spring, as indicated by the size of the 

 mounds clustered on the rim around the head of the draw, is above 

 the spring, on the northwest and south sides. 



There remains to be mentioned the eastern annex (B) of the Aztec 

 Spring village, the most striking remains of which is a rectangular 

 inclosure called "Lower House," situated east of the spring and 

 lower down the draw, or at a lower level than the section already 

 considered. The type of this structure, which undoubtedly belonged 

 to the same village, is different from that already described. It 

 resembles a reservoir rather than a kiva, inclosed by a low rectan- 

 gular wall, with rows of rooms on the north side. The court of the 

 "Lower House" measures 218 feet. The wall on the east, south, 

 and west sides is only a few feet high and is narrow; that on the 

 north is broader and higher, evidently the remains of rooms, over- 

 looking the inclosed area. 



Perhaps the most enigmatical structures in the vicinity of Aztec 

 Spring village are situated on a low mesa south of the mounds, a few 

 hundred feet away. These are circular depressions without accom- 

 panying mounds, one of which was excavated a few years ago to the 



