40 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [boll, to 



The rectangular rooms about the kiva are in places excavated out 

 of the cliffs, but show standing walls on the front. These were 

 not, however, constructed with the same care as those of the kiva. 



The cliff-house in Hackberry Canyon (pi. 9, a) is one of the most 

 instructive. It lies below Horseshoe House and appears to be a sec- 

 ond example of a unit-type kiva and surrounding rooms. 



The cliff-dwelling in Ruin Canyon 1 visible across the canyon from 

 the Old Bluff City Road is well preserved. On the rim of the canyon 

 are piles of stone indicating a very large pueblo, with surface circu- 

 lar depressions indicating unit-type houses. 



CLIFF-HOUSES IN LOST CANYON 



Lost Canyon, a southern tributary of the Dolores River, contains 

 instructive cliff-houses to which my attention was called by Mr. 

 Gordon Parker, superintendent of the Montezuma Forest Reserve, 

 who has kindly allowed me to use the accompanying photographs. 

 This cliff -house (pi. 10, a, b) belongs to the true Mesa Verde type 

 and shows comparatively good preservation of its walls, some of 

 the beams being in place. It is most easily approached from Mancos. 



There are small cliff-houses in the same canyon not far from Dolo- 

 res, but these are smaller and their walls very poorly preserved. 



An interesting feature of these cliff-houses in Lost Canyon is that 

 they mark the northern horizon of cliff-dwellings of the Mesa Verde 

 type, having Mvas similarly constructed. 



Great Houses and Towers 



Great houses and towers differ from pueblos of the pure type but 

 may often be combined with them, forming composite houses ar- 

 ranged in clusters called villages. Castles and towers may be iso- 

 lated structures without additional chambers, or may have many 

 annexed rooms which are rectangular, round, or semicircular in 

 form. Semicircular towers surrounded by concentric curved walls 

 connected by radial partitions forming compartments are shown in 

 Horseshoe Ruin, to which attention has been called in preceding 

 pages, and possibly in the circular or semicircular ruins on hilltops 

 near Dolores. 



MASONRY 



The masonry of the great house and tower type (pi. 11, a, b) 

 varies in excellence, not only in different examples but also in dif- 

 ferent portions of the same building. Some of the walls contain 

 some of the best-constructed masonry north of Mexico; others (see 

 pi. G, b) arc crudely made. In the Great House of the Holly 



i The name Ruin Canyon, often applied also to Square Tower Canyon, is retained for this canyon. 



