fewkes] PREHISTORIC VILLAGES, CASTLES, AND TOWERS 13 



1. Ruins at Dolores Bend (Escalanto Ruin). 



2. Wolley Ranch Ruin. 



3. Burkhardt Ruin (Mud Spring Village). 



4. Goodman Point Ruin. 



5. Unnamed ruin west of Goodman Lake. 



6. Ruin at junction of McElmo and Yellow Jacket. 



7. Group on Yellow Jacket nearly opposite mouth of Dawson 

 Canyon (Davis or Littrell Tower). 



S. Surouaro. 



9. CannonbaH Ruin. 



10. Towers and buildings of Ruin and Bridge Canyons. 



11. Pierson Spring Ruin. 



12. Bug Spring Ruins. 



The following towers can be identified from his figures: ' 



1. " Square building opposite mouth of Dawson Creek." Prud- 

 den, pi. xviii, fig. 2. (This building is not square, but semicircular.) 



2. Cannonball Ruin. Prudden, pi. xxi [xxii]. 



3. ".Small tower-like structure ... at the head of Ruin Canyon, 

 in the Yellow Jacket group." Prudden, pi. xxiii, fig. 2. (This 

 building is not in Ruin Canyon, but in Holly Canyon.) 



4. "Tower . . . about the head of Ruin Canyon." Prudden, 

 pi. xxiii, fig. 1. (This is the most eastern of the Twin Towers, but 

 not about the head of the canyon.) 



5. Sand Canyon Tower. Prudden, pi. xxiv, fig. 2. 



Although mainly devoted to descriptions of the cliff-houses of the 

 Mesa Verde, Baron G. Nordenskiold's "Cliff Dwellers of the Mesa 

 Verde" discusses in so broad a manner the relationship of pueblo 

 rtiins and cliff-houses that no student can overlook this epoch-making 

 work. In fact, Nordenskiold laid the foundations for subsequent 

 students of pueblo morphology, although some of his comparisons 

 and generalizations were premature because based on imperfect 

 observations which have been superseded by later investigations. 



The partial excavation of the excellent ruin at the head of Cannon- 

 ball Canyon by S. G. Morlcy 2 sheds considerable light on the mor- 

 phology of prehistoric buildings in the McElmo district. Unfortu- 

 nately no attempt was made by him to repair the walls of this ruin 

 for permanent preservation, but it is not too la f e still to prevent 

 their further destruction and preserve them for future students and 

 visitors. Morley's description of the buildings is accompanied by 

 good photographs and a ground plan. lie brought to light in this 

 ruin examples of the characteristic unit-type kiva. 



1 Aracr. Anthrop., n. s. vol. v, no. 2, 1903. 



:Tho Excavation of the Cannonball Ruins in Southwestern Colorado. Amcr. Anthrop., a. s. vol. \, 

 no. 4, 1908. 



