i-EWKEs] PREHISTORIC VILLAGES, CASTLES, AND TOWERS 49 



Ruin 1 



This ruin is a small tower situated in a commanding position on 

 the point of the mesa where the canyon forks. The section of the 

 wall still standing indicates a circular form, the north side of which 

 has fallen; the part still intact, or that on the south side, exhibits 

 good masonry about 8 feet high (pi. 15, c). 



Ruin 5 



The walls of the north segment of a tower stand on a large angular 

 block of stone rising from a ledge above the arroyo, or bed of the 

 canyon, below Ruin 4, on the South Fork. What appears to have 

 been a doorway opens on its north side ; this opening is defended by 

 a wall, remains of a former protected passageway into the tower. 



On the perpendicular cliff of the precipice near Ruin 5 and below 

 the point on which Ruin 4 stands there are several almost illegible 

 pictographs, below which are rather obscure evidences of a building, 

 the features of which can be determined only by excavation. 



Instructive features of Tower No. 5 are two parallel walls, one on 

 each side of the doorway, like those of the circular towers on the 

 promontory at the junction of the Yellow Jacket and McElmo. Other 

 towers on the canyon rim show defensive walls, as in Ruin 9, con- 

 structed about their entrances from corners of the buildings to the 

 mesa rim, effeotually preventing passage. Morley and Kidder have 

 suggested that the walled recess in the cliff" below Ruin 9 was probably 

 built to prevent access from below. This feature is found in the 

 floor entrances of a building near the Great House of the Holly group. 



Ruin G 



This ruin is a small tower whose curved walls are so broken down 

 that the form is not evident. It is situated in the base of the talus 

 at the head of the South Fork (pi. 2(5, a). 



Eroded Bowlder House (Ruin 7) 



This house, more remarkable from its site than its structure, was 

 constructed in an eroded cave of a bowlder halfway down the talus 

 of the cliff. The front walls are somewhat broken down, but others 

 built in the rear of the cave still remain intact. On the top of the 

 bowlder is the debris of fallen walls, suggesting a former tower, but 

 not much remains in place to determine its outlines. Where the 

 walls are protected the mortar shows impressions of human hands 

 and at one place there are the indentations of a corncob used by 

 the plasterers to press the mortar between the layers of stone. There 

 were formerly at least two rooms in the rear of the cave, the front 

 walls of which have fallen and are strewn down the talus to the 

 bottom of the canyon. 



10SS52 — 19— Bull. 70 i 



