72 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [bull, to 



lev is the same as that of Far View House of the Mummy Lake 

 Tillage on top of Mesa Verde; and that these architectural resem- 

 blances are close enough to indicate that the villages of the two 

 localities were inhabited by people of the same general culture. 

 He has proved that the pure type of such a village as shown in 

 Far Mew House was constructed on the same plan as a cliff-dwelling, 

 notwithstanding one is built in the open, the other in a cave. The 

 geographic extension of this type has been traced into Utah. Ruined 

 pueblos on the Chaco Canyon or mt Aztec on the Animas, which 

 is geographically nearer the Mesa Verde, are more concentrated but 

 indicate the same culture. Renewed research is necessary to deter- 

 mine the southern and western extension of the pure type; the 

 northern and eastern horizon is fairly well known. 



Granting that the great ruins on the Chaco Canyon belong to 

 the same people as those on Mesa Verde, the question arises, Which 

 buildings are the most ancient, those on the Mesa Verde or those 

 on the Chaco? A correct answer to this question should reveal 

 the cradle of the culture indicated by the pure or prehistoric type 

 of pueblo. The author believes that the pure pueblo culture origi- 

 nated in the northern part of the area and migrated southward to the 

 Chaco Valley in prehistoric times, ultimately affecting the people of 

 the Rio Grande, where sedentary people no doubt lived before written 

 history of the area began. The result was a mixture; the mixed 

 population are the modern Pueblos. 



In the great cliff-houses of the Mesa Verde and the extensive 

 pueblos of the McElmo we find towers combined w T ith pure types of 

 pueblos, either simple or complex. In the Chaco ruins these towers 

 are not found in this combination. To this may be added the 

 great-house type of the McElmo, also absent in the Chaco. Here 

 there appears to be an essential difference on which the author 

 ventures a suggestion, but which future research must elucidate. 



If this pure type originated in the southern tributaries of the San 

 Juan as the Chaco and migrated to the northern we would expect in 

 the latter more distinctly southern objects, as shell ornaments, 

 turquoise mosaics, and a great variety of pottery of a southern type. 



The pure or unit type is believed to be autochthonous in the San 

 Juan Basin and characteristic of a middle phase of architectural 

 development, the highest north of Mexico. It is self -centered and 

 has preserved its characteristics over an extensive area, influencing 

 regions far beyond. 



The evolution of this type took place in the region mentioned 

 before the fifteenth century of the Christian era. Traces of its 

 influence have persisted into the country of mixed pueblos down to 

 the present time, but the architectural skill has deteriorated and shows 



