MICHELSON] OWL SACRED PACK OF THE FOX INDIANS 73 
my general knowledge of Fox, some grammatical notes on the text! 
obtained from Edward Davenport and Harry Lincoln, the evidence 
contained in Jones’ Fox Texts, and the published Cree, Ojibwa, and 
Algonkin material. As a result the number of uncertain stems has 
been reduced to a minimum.” In every case a few references are given 
to the text by page and line to further facilitate its study. 
Stems which can not occur in initial positions are given with a 
hyphen before and after them. The list shows how much more 
numerous the stems which occur in initial positions are than those 
which can not. It also shows that copulas are far more frequent 
than is indicated in the Handbook of American Indian Languages, 
Bull. 40, B. A. E. It should be constantly kept in mind that these 
copulas can not be used indifferently with any given verbal stem, 
but, on the contrary, are restricted in use; so that their actual usage 
must be learned by rote. 
It has been a matter of some difficulty to assign the eee 
given the stems on account of their weak, almost colorless, meanings 
by themselves. It is only when stems are combined with each other 
or with instrumental particles, and according to the context of the 
sentence in which they occur, that very definite senses can be assigned 
to whole combinations. The beginner may be cautioned that a 
few homonyms occur. Stems occurring solely in the songs are not 
included. 
The following alphabetic order has been adopted: a, a, A, 4, 4, e, 1, 
I, 0, 0, U, al, - ve = =) 5 k, = g, oe RG; ‘C, tc, ‘te, “te, t, ‘ty d, 
s, ‘s,1,", p, ‘p, b,'m,™, w, *. For a tabular view of the phonetic 
elements of Fox as I conceived them, see pages 12 and 13. 
awa- fetch, carry.’ 30.34, 32.18, 48.25, 50.21, 62.37, 64.34. 
awi- be, dwell (not the copula, nor auxiliary). 18.2, 18.32, 36.10, 36.39, 38.6, 38.33, 
42.10, 46.11, 50.41, 52.22, 62.11 
a- use (-w- inst. with an. obj.; -t- inst. with inan. obj.). 14.16, 30.39 
A-,4- go. 20.9, 32.36, 36.31 (twice), 36.32 (twice), 38.33, 38.45, 40.9, 40.21, 40.24, 
44.42 
-a- be (inanimate copula). 34.7, 34.11, 40.26, 40.35 
-H- flee. 32.19, 32.38, 32.39, 62.35 
-a‘ka- throw. 58.19, 62.3, 62.6 
a‘kowi- rear. 34.8, 34.10, 64.19 
-a‘ku- meaning? 32.35 (twice), 34.3, 34.9, 56.7, 60.27 
a’‘kw- weapon, arm.* 32.37 
a’ kwama- be sick (in Fox a transitive verb). 30.34, 30.41, 50.20, 64.14 
a‘kwi- beangry. 18.22 
a‘kwi- error for a‘kwi-? 34.11 
-Agi- meaning? (used with ketemi-) 50.37, 58.5, 58.10. (Used in Cree, Algonkin, 
Ojibwa with correspondents to ketemi-; Kickapoo also.) 
-Aagd- be related to.® 44.25, 54.11 
- 1See footnote, p. 9. 
2 Where the stems do not agree with those given by me previously, the latter are to be superseded, 
3 Jones Awa-. 
4 A few nominal stems are included in this list for convenience. 
6 Evidently -igd-is related to wag6- as -pa-is to wapa-. 
