DENSMORE] MANDAN AND HIDATSA MUSIC 29 
The percentage of such songs is four times that of the Chippewa and 
double that of the Sioux. 
In the Mandan and Hidatsa songs a harmonic structure predomi- 
nates in songs of the Dog and Fox Societies, and in the songs connected 
with eagle catching. All the songs of the Buffalo and Horse Societies 
are melodic in structure, while the garden songs and war songs are 
chiefly melodic. 
Taxes 9 anv 10.—First progression and total number of progres- 
sions.—The proportion of songs beginning with a downward interval 
is much smaller in the Mandan and Hidatsa than in songs previously 
analyzed, the proportion in this series being 51 per cent and in pre- 
vious series from 60 to 70 per cent, but the proportion of descending 
progressions in the total number of intervals is about the same, being 
precisely that of the Sioux and within 2 per cent of that of the 
Chippewa and Ute. This indicates that, although more of the Man- 
dan and Hidatsa songs begin with an ascending interval, they have, 
in their entirety, the same descending trend that characterizes the 
music of the other tribes. 
Tasies 11 anv 12.—/ntervals in upward and downward progres- 
ston.—Intervals larger than a tenth are used only by the Chippewa, 
and intervals larger than a major sixth are used more frequently by 
the Chippewa than by the other tribes under consideration. The 
interval of a semitone, which seldom occurs in the Chippewa songs, 
appears most frequently in the Sioux songs. The proportion of 
descending fourths is much larger in Mandan and Hidatsa songs than 
in those of the other tribes, while the proportion of ascending fourths 
is much larger than in the Ute, but about the same as in the Chippewa 
and Sioux songs. The fifth occurs oftener in ascending and less 
frequently in descending progression in the Mandan and Hidatsa 
than in the preceding series, while the ascending octave occurs with 
about the same frequency in all the songs under analysis. This indi- 
cates there is no important difference in the intervals used by these 
tribes. 
Tas ie 13.—A verage number of semitones in an interval_—The aver- 
age interval in Mandan and Hidatsa songs does not show an im- 
portant variation from that of the other songs under analysis. The 
average interval in the entire series is approximately a minor third. 
Tastes 14 anp 15.—Part of measure on which song begins, and 
rhythm of first measure—The Mandan and Hidatsa songs do not 
show the directness of attack which characterized the Ute songs, but 
the proportion beginning on the accented part of the measure does 
not vary materially from the Chippewa and Sioux. The preference 
for a beginning in 3-4 time is greater in the Mandan and Hidatsa 
than in the other songs under analysis. 
2118°—23——4 
