120 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [bull. 71 



at leiiirth, placed with the head northwest. At one side of the re- 

 mains was a flint-lock gun, in reverse position with muzzle toward 

 the feet. And nearby were traces of a bone handled awl, and prob- 

 ably a powder horn partly decorated with brass-headed nails, also a 

 flint and steel, undoubtedly used in striking fire. Scattered in the 

 mound, but not in direct contact with the human remains, were some 

 fragments of pottery." Moore also found where other mounds had 

 served the later inhabitants as burial places, intrusive burials often 

 having many objects of foreign origin in contact. Some of these 

 may be attributed to the Seminole of the past 150 years. 



Midway across the peninsula, in the present Lake County, and 

 within the Timucuan territory, have been encountered many mounds, 

 shell deposits, and other signs of the occupancy of the country by a 

 comparatively large native population. Some of the works were 

 quite remarkable. One mound which stood about 200 yards from 

 the right bank of Blue Creek was practically destro3'ed : " Its height 

 was 5 feet 6 inches, its circumference 165 feet. . . . About one 

 foot beneath the surface of the mound, which was otherwise com- 

 posed of white sand of the surrounding territory, ran a layer of 

 pinkish sand, having a maximmn thickness of eighteen inches. 

 . . . Chemical analysis showed the coloring matter to be pulver- 

 ized hematite." Burials were encountered only beneath the unbroken 

 stratum of pink sand. " They were mainly on or below the base 

 and were all disconnected bones, crania greatly preponderating." 



About 2 miles distant from the preceding was another mound of 

 equal interest, and likewise presenting several curious features. 

 Examining this, "thirty crania were met with. ... At times 

 bundles of long bones were found without the skull, while in other 

 portions of the mound fragments of isolated crania were en- 

 countered. At times great bunches of long bones were found with 

 two or three crania in association. . . . Most skeletons lay 

 near or upon the base." 



No extended, complete skeletons were encountered in this mound, 

 but it is evident that here, as elsewhere, the later burials were made 

 more after the customs of the whites. It is likewise of interest to 

 know positively that mounds were reared after the coming of Eu- 

 ropeans. Such a work was examined and described by Moore. It 

 stood about 1 mile northwest of Fort Mason, just north of X-ake 

 Yale. When examined it was 50 feet in diameter but only 2 feet 

 in height, having been reduced by cultivation. " Unlike other 

 mounds demolished by us on the Oklawaha, the method of burial 

 in this mound was in anatomical order, in various forms of flexion. 

 In all fifteen skeletons were encountered." Objects of iron, silver, 

 and copper were associated with them, being of European origin; 

 and in addition to these pieces of foreign work three skeletons had 



