B0SHNHLL] NATIVE CEMETERIES AND FORMS OF BURIAL 137 



come from time to time to pay him a visit and to make him a speech 

 as if he were in a condition to hear . , . they always end their speech 

 by telling him not to be angry with them, to eat well, and that they 

 will always take good care of him." (Dumont, (1), I, pp. 240-243.) 



SOUTHERN OHIO AND ADJACENT REGIONS 



The origin and age of the earthworks of southern Ohio and the 

 adjoining sections of Kentucky and West Virginia have remained 

 unsolved questions. The works are remarkable for three reasons, 

 namely, their size, number and forms. By their size and number it 

 is quite evident they were erected by a sedentary people, a numerous 

 people who occupied the country for a long period, and by their 

 forms it is shown these same people possessed certain recognized cus- 

 toms and beliefs which caused them to erect the great circles and 

 squares, octagons and other figures, so accurately and skillfully con- 

 structed. And so the questions arise. By whom were the vast works 

 raised? and, For what reason was the rich and fertile land aban- 

 doned ? 



The first of the many groups of earthworks to be described was 

 that at Marietta, on the Ohio at the mouth of the Muskingum. These 

 were surveyed by Capt. Jonathan Heart, and his map, together with 

 descriptive text, appeared in Vol. I, No. 9, of The Columbian Maga- 

 zine, published in Philadelphia in May, 1787. Other accounts were 

 soon printed, to be followed in 1848 by the great work by E. G. 

 Squier and E. H. Davis, this being the most interesting and most 

 valuable volume ever published on American antiquities. During 

 latter years many of the sites described at that time have disappeared 

 through the cultivation of the soil; others have become greatly 

 reduced in height and have lost their clearness of outline. Some 

 have been carefully examined and accounts of the discoveries pre- 

 served; others have been destroyed and no knowledge of the nature 

 of their contents can be gained. And the losses thus sustained can 

 never be regained. It is gratifying to know that many of the origi- 

 nal maps prepared for the work by Squier and Davis are preserved 

 in the Library of Congress, Washington, D. C, and one of the most 

 interesting of these is now reproduced as plate 16, the same as was 

 engraved and presented as No. 1, Pate III, Ancient Monuments of 

 the Mississippi Valley. The original shows a few details not indi- 

 cated in the engraved copy. On the plan the group marked B is now 

 known as the Baum works. An ancient village once stood near the 

 right bank of Paint Creek, Ross County, Ohio, just north of the 

 works, surrounding the mound which is shown about midway be- 

 tween the creek and the embankment. The mound was omitted from 

 the engraving. The examination of the village site, made a few 



