BUSHNBLLi NATIVE CEMETERIES AND FORMS OF BURIAL 141 



were in every portion of the mound as well as below the base.'' In 

 the first section, resting upon the platform which measured about 

 34 by 23 feet, was a great mass of ashes, in places 2^ feet in thickness. 

 Much of this ma}' have resulted from the cremation of human bodies, 

 but " with the ashes were unburned animal bones which had been 

 intermingled with the incinerated human bones, as well as imple- 

 ments and ornaments made of bone, stone, and shell, which were no 

 doubt the personal property of the deceased. The animals identi- 

 fied as they were removed from these: ashes were the black bear, 

 beaver, deer, elk, raccoon, wolf, gray fox, musk rat, ground hog, 

 opossum, and mink. The bones of various birds, such as the wild 

 turkey, great horned owl, trumpeter swan, and wild goose, were also 

 found. Quantities of mussel shells, as well as the bones of the fresh 

 water drum, were also removed." 



One of the burials encountered during the exploration of the mound 

 " w^as buried three feet below the base line. The skeleton was placed 

 on the right side, facing the east. Near the head was found a per- 



-D^ 



Fig. 17. — Section of tbe " Gartucr Mound." 



feet piece of pottery," and near by was a mussel shell which had 

 served as a spoon. 



Scattered over the site of the village, surrounding the areas once 

 occupied by the dwellings of the inhabitants, were many caches, more 

 than 100 being discovered, and these were in all details similar to 

 those which abound on the ancient sites in Paint Creek Valley. The 

 entire account of the examination of the mound and surrounding vil- 

 lage site, standing on the bank of the Scioto, is of much interest. 

 (Mills, (2).) 



The descriptions of these two sites, so similar to each other, with 

 the numerous caches now filled with the accumulation of camp refuse, 

 intermingled with objects of native origin, and w'ith the remains of 

 the dead occupying positions near the traces of the small habitations 

 which once stood surrounded by vast forests, readily suggest the ac- 

 count of the discoveries made on the bank of the James, near Gala, 

 in Botetourt County, Virginia. So alike are the descriptions that all 

 the settlements could justly be attributed to the same people. Again, 

 certain objects found on all are quite similar. The sites on the James 

 and in piedmont Virginia are accepted as marking the positions of 

 towns of Siouan tribes and were probably occupied when Jamestown 

 was settled. The upper Ohio Valley was, according to tradition, the 

 home of Siouan tribes before their migration westward, down the 



