TO THE NEEDS OF THE UNITED STATES NAVY. 119 
In the Lake type of boat, as originally taken over by the Germans, they had a steel cylinder, 
and in that cylinder they got all of the space they wanted for machinery, living spaces, and 
all of the vitals of the boat. I do not refer entirely to her fuel supplies, but I mean the vital 
parts of the boat. Around that cylinder they built the body of the submarine itself, the boat, 
and gave it any form they pleased (diagram E). 
GERMAN DEVELOPMENT OF THE LAKE TYPE. 
CONNING TOWER 
~ CENTRAL 
REGULATING 
LATER DEVELOPMENT 
The great trouble with the original Holland design was the shape of the hull, as we all 
know, and the difficulty of getting speed with such a shape. The Germans pounced on the 
Lake idea, saw it was a good thing, and built around the cylinder a boat in which the whole 
cross-section was anything you like. I will put a fancy yacht form on it (diagram F), but it 
can be anything you like. In the outside hull they put the tanks for submergence. Or, to 
draw it a little more accurately, they gave a neat form to the boat like that (indicating dia- 
gram F) and had the tanks and water ballast and other things in the exterior hull. Giving 
it such form as that (indicating diagram F), the boat had good maneuvering powers. 
I do not care to commit myself on the question, because I am not well enough informed, 
but I have always had a great fancy for the Lake type of boat and the German idea, and to 
show how sound the German idea apparently is, they are every day putting the submarine 
securely on the map. We must not forget that. I mean to say that it is not very good 
policy for us to discredit the submarine in the sloppy way we do in the newspapers. I am not 
speaking of any moral conception, but the status of the submarine is something we are in- 
terested in in having established definitely as a legitimate weapon of warfare, otherwise, why 
not ourselves give it up? 
We are now building sixty-nine new submarines, and this is not the time to talk about 
great moral issues, because those things are settled by international law. I am speaking 
of the question of policy. If we can get out of our heads the idea there is anything nec- 
essarily illegitimate about the submarine, we have made a long step in advance. 
In reference to this question of the central cylinder, I am not an advocate of the Lake type 
of submarine necessarily, but I am only trying to give the general impression that you get 
a sea-going type of submarine with the German idea, and it is rather more difficult to get 
it with the other type of boat. Fortunately we have both types in our service. We had the 
rights to develop both, and for this country later we will get from the contending belliger- 
ants very important data as to both types of submarines. Personally I only express my re- 
