158 REFRIGERATION AND REFRIGERATOR INSULATION ON BOARD SHIP. 
With this refrigerating machine it is possible to place the machine close to the 
refrigerator on account of the simplicity of its operation and the very small amount 
of care that is necessary, since there is no necessity for watching expansion valves 
or stuffing boxes, or anything of that kind. This, of course, means a considerable 
saving in heat losses through the piping, which losses are, in the case of small work, 
such as refrigerating work on board ship ordinarily is, quite important. 
In Plate 81 is shown an assembly of the Audiffren-Singrun machine 
on a refrigerator of the type used on torpedo-boat destroyers. The compactness 
of this layout, together with the avoidance of any losses through brine lines, the 
avoidance of the use of a brine pump with its consequent power loss, gives a very 
simple and economical installation. 
The condenser tank in this installation is practically identical with the usual 
tank for standard marine work. The brine tank, however, is provided with a 
labyrinth where the shaft of the machine enters the tank, to prevent spilling of brine. 
The circulation of the brine through the coils in the refrigerator is secured by 
the action of the machine itself, which throws the brine into the hood or scoop 
whence the brine flows by gravity. 
The design of the refrigerator has also been carefully worked out, so that in 
storing goods in the box it is very difficult, if not impossible, to entirely block the air 
passages. Space is also provided so that cooling coils for drinking water may be 
placed directly below the brine coils, and in a number of instances this space has 
been so utilized. 
In practical service the machine has to run, when the boat is in the tropics, about 
eight to nine hours a day, the run being divided partly in the morning and partly in 
the late afternoon. 
DISCUSSION. 
THE CHAIRMAN :—Gentlemen, you have heard this paper on “Refrigeration and Re- 
frigerator Insulation on Board Ship.” Mr. Massa has given us a brief digest of the paper, 
bringing out the salient features, so as to emphasize them and suggest heads for discussion, 
which is an excellent thing for authors to do. The paper is now before you for discus- 
sion. There must be among our membership many people who are interested in this sub- 
ject of refrigeration and who may desire to discuss this paper. 
Mr. LLEWELLYN WiLiLiams, Member:—There are some statements in the paper I would 
like to discuss. On page 150 the author states that sheet cork is perhaps the best insulating 
material for use on board ship, and in the same paragraph, as I understand it, suggests 
that that material cannot be used for ice tanks on account of the roughness of the plates. 
Where a vessel is to be insulated about the ships frames, side plates, overhead beams and 
